Types of reproduction Flashcards
Define reproduction
production of new life from existing organisms
How many chromosomes do humans have in their sperm and egg cells?
23 chromosomes, 46 in total.
What are gametes?
Gametes are reproductive cells that make a new organism.
How many chromosomes do gametes have?
They have half the number of chromosomes as a somatic cell.
What do you call cell that has been newly produced? when the sperm and egg cells combine? How many chromosomes do they have?
When they combine, they produce a new cell called a zygote (a fertilised egg). The zygote would have 46 chromosomes.
Are gametes the same as each other? If not, why?
Gametes are different from themselves due to their independent assortment and the process of crossing over.
Define sexual reproduction
- The production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes.
- In most species, the genetic information is carried on chromosomes in the nucleus of reproductive cells called gametes,
which then fuse to form a diploid zygote.
The zygote develops into a new individual.
Define asexual reproduction
- The production of new organisms from single parent cell by division.
- offspring are genetically identical to the parent.
- No mixing of male and female gametes occurs.
- It can happen through binary fission, bussing, or fragmentation.
List the disadvantages and advantages of asexual reproduction.
Disadvantages:
1) limited ability to adapt
2) Face massive fie-off if environment changes
Advantages:
1) Does not require special cells or a lot of
energy
2) Can produce offspring quickly.
3) Creates a large, thriving population in a stable environment.
List the disadvantages and advantages of sexual reproduction.
Disadvantages:
1) Needs time and energy
2) Produce small populations
Advantages:
1) Lots of variation within a species.
2) Able to live in variety of environmental settings.
3) Able to adapt to changes in the environment,.