Mutations Flashcards

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1
Q

What are mutations?

A

Mutations are permanent changes in the DNA sequence

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2
Q

Name the 3 types of mutations and explain what they are.

A

Deletion, insertion, and substitution.

Deletion:
When one base is removed from the sequence.

Insertions:
When one base is added in the sequence.

Substitution:
When one base is replaced by another one.

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3
Q

What are somatic mutations?

A

Somatic mutations can happen in body cells, e.g., skin, liver, and heart cells. It cannot be inherited.

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4
Q

What are gametic mutations?

A

Gametic mutations can happen in sex cells. They are inherited through fertilisation in sexual reproduction.

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5
Q

Why are some mutations harmful?

A

Some mutations are considered harmful because they result in negative effects for the organism. This can endanger the life of the organism.

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6
Q

Why are some mutations useful?

A

Mutations that result in a positive effect are called beneficial mutations. They help organisms adapt to changes in their environment with new versions of proteins. This mutation is essential for evolution to occur.

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7
Q
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