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Literary Critism > Types of Poems & Songs > Flashcards

Types of Poems & Songs Flashcards

0
Q
  • Term for the literary form that burlesques (mocks) the epic by treating a trivial subject in “grand style” or uses the epic formulas to make a trivial subject ridiculously by ludicrously overacting it.
  • Alexander Pope’s “The Rape of the Lock” is an example | | in polished verse the trivialities of polite society. The cutting of a lock of hair elevated into a grandiose event.
A

Mock Epic

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1
Q

•A song or short narrative poem.

A

Lay or Lai

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2
Q
  • A stanzaic pattern named for a Greek poet-a woman who wrote love lyrics of great beauty (600 B.C.)
  • Consists of 3 lines of 11 syllables each: (-UU|–|-UU|-U|-U) & a 4th line of 5 syllables: (-UU|-U)
  • Hardy was one of the most successful modern writers of -
  • Below is the opening stanza of Hardy’s “The Temporary the All”:| |
A

Sapphic

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3
Q

•An elaborate, dignified, & imaginative lyric verse, directed to a single purpose or dealing w/ 1 theme.
•In English there are 3 types:
1) Pindaric- Gray’s “The Bard”
2) | |- Collins’ “- to Evening”
3) irregular- Wordsworth’s “-: Intimations of Immortality”
•For his -s, Keats devised his own form.

A

Ode

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4
Q
  • Italian sonnet + a tail of 3 lines

* Rarely in English form

A

Caudate Sonnet

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5
Q
  • A work expressing moods appropriate to evening or nighttime.
  • Also called a SERENADE.
A

Nocturne

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6
Q
  • A poem containing - imagery (shepherds & rustic life) written in dignified, serious language, having a theme of grief @ the loss of a friend or important person.
  • A combining of the - eclogue & the -. Note: In many –, the shepherd becomes a code word for “poet.” Accordingly, almost any poet’s - for another poet-such as W.H. Auden’s for W.B. Yeats- will display some - elements.
A

Pastoral Elegy

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7
Q

•A system for describing conventional rhythms by dividing lines into feet, indicating accents & counting syllables.

A

Scansion

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8
Q
  • Verse expressing grief or tribulation.
  • A lament.
  • A complaint/lyric poem in which the poet laments his unresponsive mistress, | | his unhappy lot in life, or regrets the sorry state of the world.
A

Plaint

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9
Q

•A short lyric, usually dealing w/ love or a pastoral theme & designed for, or suitable for, a musical setting.

A

Madrigal

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10
Q

•The text or book, containing thursday story, tale, or plot of an opera or of any long musical composition-a cantata, for instance.

A

Liberetto

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11
Q

•An Irish funeral song.

A

Keen

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12
Q
  • A composition, usually verse, arranged in such a way that it spells words, phrases, or sentences when certain letters are selected according to an orderly sequence.
  • True –1 in which the INITIAL letters form a word.
  • Telestitch-1 in which the FINAL letters form a word.
  • Mesostitch-1 in which the MIDDLE letters form a word.
  • Abecedarius-1 in which the initial letters form the alphabet.
  • Double – ingenious word puzzles in which the 1st letters of the names of an author & a work come @ the beginnings of words composed of patters from a quote from that work.
A

Acrostic

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13
Q
  • A type of Japanese poetry similar to Haiku.

* Consists of 31 syllables arranged in 5 lines, each of 7 syllables, except the 1st & 3rd which have 5 syllables.

A

Tanka

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14
Q
  • A morning song, as of birds.

* The plural refers to the 1st of the Catholic Church @ which prescribed prayers are sung.

A

Matin

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15
Q
  • A 3 lines stanza w/ interlocking rhyme scheme (aba bcb cdc ded…), usually written in iambic pentameter.
  • Has been popular w/ many English poets including Milton, Shelly, Byron, Yeats & Auden.
  • The rhyme scheme, but not the usual meter, was used by Hardy.
A

Terza Rima

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16
Q

•An acrostic in which the final letter forms a word.

A

Telestitch

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17
Q
  • A short lyric, usually dealing w/ love or a pastoral theme & designed for a musical setting.
  • Elizabethan-no accompaniment
A

Madrigal

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18
Q
  • A term used for pastoral writing that deals w/ rural life in a manner rather formal & fanciful.
    • refers collectively to the pastoral literature of such writers as the ancients Theocritus & Virgil.
  • In the present loose usage, it refers to poetry w/ a rustic background-as in W.H. Auden’s mixed sequence called -.
A

Bucolic

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19
Q

•Unrhymed verse-usually iambic pentameter.

A

Blank Verse

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20
Q

•One of the most popular of the artificial French verse forms.
•3 stanzas & an envoy
1. Refrain
2. Envoy
3.Use of only 3 or 4 rhymes in the entire poem.
•Chaucer’s “- de bon conseyl” & Rossetti’s “- of Dead Ladies”.

A

Ballade

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21
Q

•Poetry in which the closing syllables of 1 line are repeated in the following line-& usually making up that line- w/ a different meaning & thus making a reply or a comment.
•Flourished in the 16th & 17th centuries in pastoral poetry & drama.
•Hardy’s “The Elf– Answers” begins:
“How much I | | how?
For life, or not long?”
-Not long.

A

Echo Verse

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22
Q
  • A flexible lyric form, usually in a small # of couplets w/ or w/o rhyme
  • 1st used in various Middle Eastern literatures & later among the German romanticists & recently among American poets.
  • William Barne’s “Woak Hill” & “In the Spring” are examples-Thomas Hardy’s poems “My Cicely” & “A Mother Mourns” resemble -.
A

Ghazal

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23
Q
  • Brief subjective poem strongly marked by imagination, melody, & emotion, creating a single, unified impression.
  • The most frequently used poetic expression.
  • Includes hymns, sonnets, songs, ballads, odes, elegies, ballades, rondels, & rondeaus.
A

Lyric

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24
Q

•A ballad composed by an author, as opposed to the anonymous folk ballad.

A

Literary Ballad

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25
Q

•Thoughts are in 3 quatrains & a couplet.

-abab cdcd efef gg

A

Shakespearian/English Sonnet

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26
Q

•An English sonnet in which the 3 quatrains are linked by repeating the 2nd rhyme of 1 quatrain as the 1st rhyme of the succeeding quatrain.
-An interlocking rhyme scheme.
•Te Spenserian sonnet is 1.

A

Link Sonnet

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27
Q

•A sonnet of the English type in that it has the thoughts arranged in 3 quatrains & a couplet but features an interlocking rhyme scheme of
abab bcbc cdcd ee.
•It was created by Edmund - & used in his rhyme sequence Amoretti.
•Thomas Hardy used it for “Her Reproach”.

A

Spenserian Sonnet

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28
Q

•A line of poetry that begins & ends w/ the same word.

A

Serpentine Verse

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29
Q

•A stanza of 6 lines

A

Hexastitch

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30
Q

•An 8 line stanza.
•Chiefly used to denote the 1st 8 lines of the Italian sonnet & rhyming
abbaabba.

A

Octave

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31
Q

•The turn in thought that occurs @ the beginning of the sestet in the Italian sonnet.
•Sometimes occurs in the Shakespearean sonnet between the 12th & 13th lines.
•A - is routinely marked by the words “but”, “yet”, or “and yet” @ its beginning.
•The design of Hardy’s “Hap is perspicuous:
Line 1: “If…”
Line 5: “Then…”
Line 9: “But not so…”

A

Volta

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32
Q

•The six-line division @ Te end of an Italian sonnet, usually rhyming
cde cde or cd cd cd

A

Sestet

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33
Q

•A 6 line stanza.

A

Sextain

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34
Q
  • The prevailing mood or tone of a literary work; particularly-but nut exclusively- when that mood is established impart by setting or landscape. It is also an emotional aura that helps to establish the reader’s expectations & attitudes.
  • Example is the somber mood established by the description of the prison door in the opening chapter of Hawthorne’s -The Scarlet Letter-.
A

Atmosphere

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35
Q

•A poem related to a country life, customarily having to do w/ young love.
•Anthologies sometimes use this general title for such pieces as “It | |
a Lover & His Lass” from Shakespeare’s -As You Like It-.
•Thomas Hardy’s -Time’s Laughingstocks- (1909) includes 17 poems in a group called “A Set of - -“.

A

Country Song

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36
Q

•A sonnet combining the rhyme schemes of the English sonnet & the Italian sonnet, most often w/ an octave from the English & a sestet from the Italian.
•Ex: Thomas Hardy’s “Hap”:
{abab cdcd} {efeffe}
Octave Sestet

A

Anglo-Italian Sonnet

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37
Q
  • A prose narrative, usually long & complicated in plot dealing w/ rustic life & often containing interspersed songs.
  • Examples exist from classical times through the Renaissance up to elements of - - in such works as Thomas Hardy’s novel -Far From the Madding Crowd-, which contains a shepherd called Gabriel Oak & a few interspersed songs.
A

Pastoral Romance

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38
Q

•A stanza of 3 lines.

A

Tristitch

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39
Q
  • A figure poem, written so that the form of the printed word suggests the subject matter.
  • Ex: bOsOm
A

Carmen Figuratum

40
Q
  • A long narrative poem in elevated style presenting characters of high position in adventures.
  • Heroes important to the history of a nation or race.
  • Deeds of great courage.
  • Supernatural forces.
  • Poet is objective.
A

Epic

41
Q
  • A song.

* Almost any simple poem intended to be sung.

A

Chanson

42
Q
  • A poem that tells a story.

* Ex: ballads, epics, metrical romances.

A

Narrative Poem

43
Q

•A form of light verse-concerns an actual person whose name makes up the first lines of a quatrain w/ a strict aabb rhyme scheme-but no regular rhythm or meter.

A

Clerihew

44
Q
  • A song of lamentation.

* A funeral dirge.

A

Coronach

45
Q
  • A wailing song @ a funeral or in commemoration of death.

* A short lyric of lamentation.

A

Dirge

46
Q
  • Rude verse.

* Any poorly executed attempt @ poetry.

A

Doggeral

47
Q
  • A poem->through the speech of a character in a frantic situation.
  • Character is speaking to an identifiable but silent listener.
A

Dramatic Monologue

48
Q

•A poem expressing grief, more intense & personal than in a complaint.

A

Lament

49
Q

•A lyric poem common in the Middle Ages & Renaissance in which the poem laments the unresponsiveness of a mistress, bemoans his unhappy lot in life, or regrets the sorry state of the world.

A

Complaint

50
Q

•Any extended fictional narrative, almost always in prose.

A

Novel

51
Q

•A term introduced by Mikhail Bakhtin to describe a spirit of - in literature, marked by fun, attention to the body, defiance of authority, variety, Heteroglossia, & play.

A

Carnivalesque

52
Q
  • A feat of strength or virtuosity.
  • In criticism-works that make outstanding demonstrations of skill.
  • Most often implies technical virtuosity rather than literary strength.
A

Tour de Force

53
Q
  • A short novel.
  • A work of prose fiction of intermediates length (longer than a short story, shorter than a novel).
  • Has the compact structure of the ss, w/ the greater development of characters & action of the novel.
  • Ex: Melville’s -Billy Budd-, Stevenson’s -Dr. Jekyll & Mr. Hyde-, James’ -The Turn of the Screw-.
A

Novelette

54
Q

•A work issued in installments that end @ a point of great suspense.

A

Cliffhanger

55
Q

•A sustained & formal poem setting forth meditation, death or another solemn theme.

A

Elegy

56
Q
  • A Muslim collection of scriptural writings.
  • Believed to have been revealed to Muhammad from time to time over a period of years.
  • Presents theology, moral teaching, liturgical directions & advice on religious conduct & ceremonials.
  • The speaker is usually God.
A

Koran

57
Q

•Thoughts are arranged in an octave & a sestet.
-abbaabba {cdecde}
•Sestet is arranged w/ c, d, & e in any order, but w/o any couplets.

A

Petrarchan/Italian Sonnet

58
Q
  • A poem consisting of 1 line.

* Ex: A.R. Ammons’ “Coward”

A

Monostitch

59
Q
  • French verse form.
  • Consists of 8 lines, the 1st 2 being repeated as the last 2 & the 1st line recurring also as the 4th.
  • Has only 2 rhymes.
  • Hard to write.
A

Triolet

60
Q
  • A poem expressing religious emotion & generally intense to be sung by a Chorus.
  • Very important in the Middle Ages.
  • Thomas Hardy wrote 2 poems based on Latin -.
A

Hymn

61
Q
  • A form of light verse that follows a definite pattern: 5 anapestic lines w/ the 1st, 2nd, & 5th consisting of 3 feet & rhyming; the 3rd & 4th lines consisting of 2 feet & rhyming.
  • These have been written by the most distinguished modern poets.
  • They include every possible theme w/ nothing being sacred to their humor.
A

Limerick

62
Q
  • Generally, a rationally ordered poem of praise or blame, proceeding detail by detail.
  • Specifically, in the form called - du corps feminin, an encomienda for one’s beloved.
  • In “Precious Five”, W.H. Auden produced these addressed to the speaker’s own body.
A

Blason

63
Q
  • Lines in which both the grammatical structure & the sense reach completion.
  • Absence of enjambment of run-on lines.
A

End-stopped Lines

64
Q

•A word or stem meaning “line”.

A

Stitch

65
Q

•A stanza of 6 lines.

A

Sextain

66
Q
  • Another word for stanza.
  • To avoid fuzziness, some writers limit stanza to regular, recurrent, & usually rhymed subdivisions of a poem, leaving this word to cover irregular & unrhymed subdivisions.
A

Strophe

67
Q
  • A recurrent grouping of 2 or more verse lines in terms of length, metrical form, & rhyme scheme.
  • Division into these is sometimes made according to thought as well as form in which case this is a unit like a prose paragraph.
A

Stanza

68
Q
  • A stanza of 3 lines in which each lines ends w/ the same rhyme.
  • Or either of the 2 3-line groups forming the sestet of the Italian sonnet.
  • Also applied to the 3-line stanza of terza rima.
A

Tercet/Terzetta/Terzetto/Triplet/

Terzina

69
Q

•A group of 8 lines of verse.

A

Octastitch

70
Q
  • The art & practice of writing verse.

* Ex: accent, rhythm, meter, rhyme, stanza, sound devices, etc.

A

Versification

71
Q
  • Originally French.
  • A fixed 19-line form employing only 2 rhymes & repeating 2 of the lines according to a set pattern. Line 1 is also repeated as lines 6,12, & 18; Line 3 is repeated as lines 9, 15, & 19. The 1st & 3rd lines return as a rhymed couplet @ the end.
  • Rhymes aba aba aba aba aba abaa
  • Dylon Thomas’ “Do Not So Gentle into That Good Night” is a great modern example.
A

Villanelle

72
Q

The principles of versification, particularly as they refer to rhyme, meter, rhythm, & stanza.

A

Prosody

73
Q
  • A type of music originated in the West Indies. It is a ballad-like improvisation in African rhythms.
  • frequently deals satirically w/ current topics.
A

Calypso

74
Q
  • One of the most difficult &complex verse forms.
  • 6 6-lined stanzas & a 3-lined envoy.
  • Usually unrhymed, the effect of rhyme being taken over by an intricate, fixed pattern of repeated end-words.
  • It has been practiced w/ success by W.H. Auden.
A

Sestina

75
Q
  • A modification of the rondel.
  • A simple poem of about 14 lines in which 1 line frequently recurs Ina refrain.
  • May also mean the musical setting of a rondeau so that it may be sung or chanted as an accompaniment for a folk dance.
A

Roundelay

76
Q
  • A French verse form, a variant of the rondeau.
  • Consists of 14 or 13 lines, depending on whether the 2-lines refrain is kept @ the close or simply 1 line.
  • Rhymes abba ababab baab
  • Repetition of rhyme words is not allowed.
  • Differs from rondeau in # of lines & the use if complete (rather than partial) lines for refrain.
  • Chaucer sometimes used this as a stanza & not as a poem itself.
A

Rondel

77
Q

•A form o poetry having the same form as a haiku, but a different spirit, relying on humor or | | rather than conventions related to certain seasons.

A

Senryu

78
Q
  • In a broad sense philosophical poetry.
  • Commonly applied to the work of the 17th century writers called - Poets who retorted against the conventions of Elizabethan love poetry.
  • Their tendency toward psychological analysis of love & religion, their liking of their use of this conceit, & the extremes to which sometimes carried their techniques frequently resulted in obscurity, roughness & strain.
  • John Donne was the deknowledged leader.
A

Metaphysical Poetry

79
Q
  • A decorative art in sculpture, painting, & architecture characterized by fantastic representations of human & animal forms often combined into formal distortions of the natural to the point of absurdity, ugliness, or caricature.
  • Anything bizarre, incongruous, ugly, unnatural, fantastic, abnormal.
  • Works containing characters who are physically or spiritually deformed or who person abnormal actions.
A

Grotesque

80
Q
  • A poem of only 1 rhyme.

* Examples are rare.

A

Monorhyme

81
Q
  • 7-lines iambic pentameter stanza rhyming ababbcc (sometimes the 7th line is hexameter-an Alexandrine).
  • Probably named so in honor of King James I.
  • The only stanza used by all 3 poets customarily called the greatest in English-Chaucer, Shakespeare, & Milton.
A

Rhyme Royal

82
Q
  • An extended & rigorous verbal exchange.

* A boasting & insult match in verse.

A

Flyting

83
Q

•A song of praise or joy.

A

Paean

84
Q
  • “Song of great deeds”

* Early French epic.

A

Roman de Geste

85
Q

•A set French verse form, artificial but popular w/ many English poets.
•Consists of 15 lines, the 9th & 15th being a short refrain. Only 2 rhymes are allowed, aside from the refrain. The rhyme scheme is
aabba aabc aabbac. The lines most frequently consists of 8 syllables.

A

Rondeau

86
Q
  • The carrying over of grammatical structure from 1 line to the next.
  • The opposite of end-stopped lines.
  • Also called enjambment.
A

Run-on Lines

87
Q

A short introductory poem @ the beginning of a long poem or a section of a long poem.

A

Prelude

88
Q
  • The omission of part of a word.
  • Most often accompanied by the omission of a final vowel preceding an initial vowel. Ex: “th’ orient”
  • Also between syllables of a single word. Ex: “ne’er”
A

Elision

89
Q

•Another name for “tail” or a short line found in certain verse forms.

A

Cauda

90
Q

•In poetry a variation in the metrical pattern by the substitution of a foot that differs from the basic rhythm of the poem or by the addition or deletion of unstressed syllables.

A

Modulation

91
Q

•Omission of material that Amy be necessary for full clarity.
Ex: “A friend in need is a friend indeed.”

A

Eclipsis

92
Q

•The omission of 1 or more sounds from a word, as “even” for “evening” or “bod” for “body”.

A

Apocope

93
Q

•A stanza of 4 lines.

A

Quatrain

94
Q
  • The plural of the Arabic word for quatrain, hence a collection of 4-lined stanzas.
  • Best known from Edward Fitzgerald’s translation of -The - of Omar Khayyam-.
A

Rubáiyát

95
Q
  • A section or division of a long poem.

* Originally signified a section of a narrative poem of such length as to be sung by a minstrel in 1 singing.

A

Canto

96
Q

•A lyric about dawn or a morning serenade, a song of lovers parting @ dawn.

A

Aubade

97
Q

•Medieval, natural, primitive, wild, mystery.

A

Gothic

Literary Critism (11 decks)

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