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A Level Biology - 4.1.1 Disease and immunity > Types of pathogens > Flashcards

Types of pathogens Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the structure of viruses?

A

Protein and sometimes lipid shell around nucleotide (DNA and RNA)

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2
Q

How do viruses work?

A

They use host cell machinery to replicate

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3
Q

How are viruses treated?

A

Vaccines or antivirals

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4
Q

What are bacterium?

A

A prokaryote with no nucleus and multiple lifestyles

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5
Q

What is the structure of bacterium?

A

Unicellular in large numbers which are found everywhere

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6
Q

How do bacterium work?

A

They can damage tissues and release toxins

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7
Q

How are bacterium treated?

A

Improved sanitation or antibiotics

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8
Q

What are fungi?

A

A eukaryote with a nucleus

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9
Q

What is the structure of fungi?

A

They are multicellular with huge size/shape variation

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10
Q

How do fungi work?

A

Form a hyphae network and reproduce by spores so they can grow in tissues and externally digest them

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11
Q

How do you treat fungi?

A

Anti-fungals

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12
Q

What are protozoal parasites?

A

Two or more hosts

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13
Q

What is the structure of protozoal parasites?

A

Single cell eukaryotes with huge variation

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14
Q

How do protozoal parasites work?

A

They infect body or blood of host and deprive of nutrients

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15
Q

How do you treat protozoal parasites?

A

Improved hygiene and avoid contamination but only some medication available

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16
Q

What is a multicellular parasite?

A

They have multiple life cycles

17
Q

What is the structure of a multicellular parasite?

A

Multicellular, macroscopic including flatworms and roundworms

18
Q

How do multicellular parasites work?

A

Egg, larvae and adult stages can infect humans by blocking intestine and taking nutrients

19
Q

How do you treat multicellaur parasites

A

Oral medications and improved hygiene or sanitation

20
Q

What is direct transmission?

A

It occurs through bodily fluids, water or droplets

21
Q

What is indirect transmission?

A

Through airborne fluids, fomites, vectors and also water

22
Q

What are social-economic factors of disease transmission?

A

Overcrowded living and working conditions, poor nutrition, poor disposal of waste and climate change which causes people to move

A Level Biology - 4.1.1 Disease and immunity (8 decks)

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