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A Level Biology - 4.1.1 Disease and immunity > Types of disease > Flashcards

Types of disease Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a disease caused by?

A

Pathogens

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2
Q

What is an infectious disease caused by?

A

Infectious agent or pathogen

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3
Q

What is an infection?

A

An invasion of the body by pathogens

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4
Q

What are the 2 types of pathogen?

A

Microorganism and macroorganism

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5
Q

What are microorganisms?

A

Bacteria, fungi and viruses

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6
Q

What are macroorganisms?

A

Visible to the naked eye - e.g. worms, ticks and mites

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7
Q

How do macroorganisms cause disease?

A

As a direct result of their activation or serve as vectors for transmission of other infectious agents

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8
Q

What are the types of pathogen?

A

Virus, bacterium, fungus, protozoal parasite and multicellular parasite

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9
Q

How do pathogens cause harm?

A

Directly damaging the tissue or through the release of toxins

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10
Q

What diseases to bacteria cause?

A

Tuberculosis and ring rot

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11
Q

What disease do viruses cause?

A

HIV/AIDS, influenza and tobacco mosaic virus

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12
Q

What disease do protoctista cause?

A

Malaria and tomato/potato blight

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13
Q

What disease do fungi cause?

A

Black sigatoka and athletes foot

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14
Q

How are prokaryotic cells classified?

A

By their shape or cell wall structure

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15
Q

What are the different shapes of prokaryotic cells?

A

Rod (bacilli), spherical (cocci), comma (vibrio), spiralled (spirilla) and corkscrew (spirochaetes)

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16
Q

What d the 2 types of cell walls determine?

A

Whether a bacterium is classified as gram-positive or gram-negative

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17
Q

What can tuberculosis infect?

A

Humans, deer, cows, pigs and badgers

18
Q

How does tuberculosis cause harm?

A

It damages lung tissue and suppresses the immune system

19
Q

How does tuberculosis spread?

A

Generally airborne in droplet from coughs and sneezes and overcrowding with poor sanitation

20
Q

What does ring rot infect?

A

Potato’s and tomato’s

21
Q

How does ring rot cause damage?

A

It damages leaves, tubers and fruit which can destroy 80% of plant

22
Q

How does ring rot spread?

A

Contaminated soil, human vectors and if a field is infected, it can’t be used for 2 years

23
Q

What does HIV infect?

A

Humans

24
Q

How does HIV cause damage?

A

It targets T helper cells, gradually destroying immune system

25
Q

How does HIV spread?

A

Through bodily fluids and sharing needles

26
Q

What does influenza infect?

A

Humans, pigs and chickens

27
Q

How does influenza cause damage?

A

It infects the respiratory tract

28
Q

How does influenza spread?

A

By water droplets from infected hosts

29
Q

What does tobacco mosaic virus infect?

A

Tobacco, tomatoes and peppers

30
Q

How does TMV cause harm?

A

It damages leaves, flowers and fruit - reducing yields and can destroy an entire crop

31
Q

How does TMV spread?

A

Contaminated soil and human vectors as tobacco shipped worldwide

32
Q

What does malaria infect?

A

Humans and mosquitoes

33
Q

How does malaria cause harm?

A

It infects red blood cells, the liver and brain

34
Q

How is malaria spread?

A

It is transmitted by mosquitos as a vector so controlling vector is best controlling mechanism

35
Q

What does potato/tomato blight infect?

A

Potatoes or tomatoes

36
Q

How is tomato/plant blight spread?

A

Spores spread by wind and best in wet conditions

37
Q

What does Athlete’s foot infect?

A

Humans

38
Q

How does athlete’s foot cause harm?

A

It grows and digests the warm moist skin between toes which becomes itchy and sore

39
Q

How is athelete’s foot spread?

A

Direct contact and fomites

40
Q

What does black sigatoka infect?

A

Banana plants

41
Q

How does banana plant cause damage?

A

Hyphae cells penetrate and digest the cells

42
Q

How does black sigatoka spread?

A

Direct contact, spores, humans as vectors

A Level Biology - 4.1.1 Disease and immunity (8 decks)

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