Types of disease Flashcards
What is a disease caused by?
Pathogens
What is an infectious disease caused by?
Infectious agent or pathogen
What is an infection?
An invasion of the body by pathogens
What are the 2 types of pathogen?
Microorganism and macroorganism
What are microorganisms?
Bacteria, fungi and viruses
What are macroorganisms?
Visible to the naked eye - e.g. worms, ticks and mites
How do macroorganisms cause disease?
As a direct result of their activation or serve as vectors for transmission of other infectious agents
What are the types of pathogen?
Virus, bacterium, fungus, protozoal parasite and multicellular parasite
How do pathogens cause harm?
Directly damaging the tissue or through the release of toxins
What diseases to bacteria cause?
Tuberculosis and ring rot
What disease do viruses cause?
HIV/AIDS, influenza and tobacco mosaic virus
What disease do protoctista cause?
Malaria and tomato/potato blight
What disease do fungi cause?
Black sigatoka and athletes foot
How are prokaryotic cells classified?
By their shape or cell wall structure
What are the different shapes of prokaryotic cells?
Rod (bacilli), spherical (cocci), comma (vibrio), spiralled (spirilla) and corkscrew (spirochaetes)
What d the 2 types of cell walls determine?
Whether a bacterium is classified as gram-positive or gram-negative
What can tuberculosis infect?
Humans, deer, cows, pigs and badgers
How does tuberculosis cause harm?
It damages lung tissue and suppresses the immune system
How does tuberculosis spread?
Generally airborne in droplet from coughs and sneezes and overcrowding with poor sanitation
What does ring rot infect?
Potato’s and tomato’s
How does ring rot cause damage?
It damages leaves, tubers and fruit which can destroy 80% of plant
How does ring rot spread?
Contaminated soil, human vectors and if a field is infected, it can’t be used for 2 years
What does HIV infect?
Humans
How does HIV cause damage?
It targets T helper cells, gradually destroying immune system
