types of natural selection

Question 1

artifical selection

Answer 1

the identification by humans of desirable traits in plants and animals, and the steps taken to enhance and perpetuate those traits in future generations

Question 2

standing genetic variation

Answer 2

the presence of alternative forms of a gene (alleles) at a given locus in populations

evolution is limited by standing variation until new mutations accumulate

Question 3

heritability

Answer 3

the proportion of phenotypic that is due to genetic variation

Question 4

broad sence heritability

Answer 4

the fraction of the varience that is potentially due to genetic causes

H^2 = Vg / Vp

Question 5

fitness

Answer 5

average genetic contribution of a particular genotype or phenotype to the next generation

selection acts on small differneces in fitness :
• more-fit genotypes spread though the population
• less-fit genotypes gradually decline

Question 6

mimicry

Answer 6

one species of animal (the mimic) resembles another species that has easily recognizable characteristics (the model) and as a result deceives a potential predator (the dupe) that might otherwise capture and eat it