control of behaviour

Question 1

reflexes

Answer 1

automatic responce to an external signal

involuntary

e.g. blinking eye, sneeze, pupil dilation, knee-jerk

Question 2

kinesis

Answer 2

change in activity rate or movement in responce to a stimulus

very simple orientation behaviour

no orientation with respect to gradient

Question 3

taxis

Answer 3

movemnet towards or away from a stimulus

organisms that can detect environmental gradients

Question 4

phototaxis

Answer 4

ability of organisms to move directionally in responce to a light source

positive phototaxis = the movement in the direction of increasing light intensity

Question 5

hormonal control of behaviour

Answer 5

• hormones provide proximate control
• hormones influence development
• many sex differences in morphology and behaviour are related to hormonal differences

Question 6

Hormonal control of behaviour in Blue-headed wrasse

Answer 6

• males defent patches of coral reef
• females lay eggs in the males territories
• sex of individuals is socially controlled
• testosterone ontrols the sex, colour,and behavioural traits

Question 7

temporal patterns of behaviour

Answer 7

• seasonal patterns ( year )
- breeding and migration in
birds

• lunar cycles and tidal cycles ( month )
- behaviour of many marine
organisms

• circadian rhythms ( day )
- daily patterns of activity and
rest

Question 8

Activity rhythms in Horseshoe Crabs Limulus polyphemus

Answer 8

• in late spring, adults move inshore from deep water to spawn on sandy beaches
• peak in spawning activity coincides with the full moon and evening spring tides
• synchronises breeding