Types of Matter and Properties Flashcards
The type of matter that cannot be broken into a more simple type by ordinary chemical or physical methods.
Element
The type of matter composed of a variable chemical composition.
Mixture
The type of matter with a definite chemical composition
Substance
The type of matter consisting of two or more elements bonded together in a specific ratio.
Compound
The smallest particle of an element that has all the properties of that element.
Atom
The smallest particle of a compound that has all the properties of that compound.
Molecule or formula unit
Type of mixture where parts are so small they can not be distinguished even under magnification.
Homogeneous mixture
Type of mixture where individual parts are visible under magnification and doesn’t settle.
Colloid
Type of mixture where individual parts can be determined visually or under magnification.
Heterogeneous mixture
An example of a homogeneous mixture that is uniform and doesn’t settle.
Solution
A type of mixture where individual particles are not uniformly mixed and will settle when energy is decreased.
Suspension
Salt (NaCl) and Water (H2O) are examples of which type of matter?
Compound
Salads and mixed vegatables are examples of which type of matter?
Heterogeneous mixture
Saltwater and air are examples of which type of matter?
Homogeneous mixture
Iron (Fe) and Carbon (C) are examples of which type of matter?
Elements
What property is used to separate mixtures using the method of filtration?
size
What property could be used to separate a mixture of sand and iron filings?
Magnetism or color
Why would using forceps to separate a mixture of sand and iron filings not be the most efficient method?
Using a magnet removes the filings as a large mass; whereas, using forceps removes the small filings piece by piece.
What is the shorthand method for representing an element?
A chemical symbol
What is the shorthand method for representing a compound?
A chemical formula
What information is given in a chemical formula?
The identity of the elements in the compound and how many atoms of each element.
What does a chemical equation describe?
A chemical change
In the compound Al2SO4, how many different elements are in the particle?
Three (Al, S, and O4)
In the compound NaNO3, what is the ratio of the elements?
1 : 1 : 3
How do you know that H2O and H2O2 are not the same compound?
They have different ratios of H to O.
Are the properties of Iron oxide (rust) the same as the properties of the elements iron and oxygen?
No. Compounds have different properties than the elements which make them.
Why would methods like filtration, magnetism, and chromotography not be able to separate a compound into its elements?
Compounds are bonded together and have properties different than the elements that make them. Filtration, magnetism, and chromotography depend on the properties of the parts of the mixture.
Atoms can be broken down into smaller particles, such as protons, neutrons, and electrons. Why are these smaller particles not considered to be the smallest particle of an element?
Protons, neutrons, and electrons have the same properties independent of the element they form. The smallest particle with the properties of the element is the atom.
What is a solute?
The part of a solution being dissolved.
What is a solvent?
The part of the solution that does the dissolving.
In a solution, why is there only one solvent but could be multiple solutes?
Only one substance will be in the largest amount to do the dissolving.
What is an unsaturated solution?
A solution that could hold more solute at a given temperature.
What is a saturated solution?
A solution that is holding as much solute as possible at that temperature.
What is a superaturated solution?
An unstable solution that is holding more solute than it should at that temperature.
If a test crystal is placed in an unsaturated solution, what should you observe?
The test crystal should dissolve
If a test crystal is placed in a saturated solution, what should you observe?
The test crystal should sink to the bottom.
If a test crystal is placed in a supersaturated solution, what should you observe?
The test crystal will not dissolve, and the additional solute that the solution is holding will precipitate (fall out) of solution until the solution is saturated at that temperature.
What is solubility?
A measurement of the amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at that temperature.
By what methods could the surface area of a solid be increased?
Grinding, chewing, pulverizing, or cutting.
Why does stirring increase the rate at which a solution forms?
Stirring brings fresh solvent in contact with the solute and increases the energy in the solution.
Why does heating increase the rate in which a solute dissolves?
Heating increases the kinetic energy of the solute and solvent particles and spreads the solvent particles apart.
Why does increasing the surface area of the solute increase the rate at which a solute dissolves?
Increasing the surface area brings the solute and solvent in contact, which is necessary for dissolving to occur.
What is a chemical property?
A property that cannot be observed without changing the chemical identity of the substance.
What is a physical property?
A property that can be observed without changing the chemical identity of the substance.
What is an intensive property?
A property that does not depend on the amount of the substance. Any sample of that substance will have that property.
What is a characteristic property?
A chemical or physical property that helps to identify a substance.
Water (H2O) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are both transparent, colorless, liquids at room temperature. Manganese dioxide is inert in water, but it reacts with hydrogen peroxide to produce oxygen gas and heat.
Which property or properties is a characteristic property?
How each substance reacts in the presence of manganese dioxide.
What is the property of hardness? Is it a physical or chemical property?
Hardness describes the substance’s firmness or resistance to being scratched. It is a physical property. Malleability is a physical property
What is the property of malleability? Is it a physical or chemical property?
It is ability of a substance to be hammered into different shapes without breaking.
What is ductility? Is it a physical or chemical property?
Ductility is the ability of a substance to be drawn into wires. It is a physical property.
What is the property of brittleness? Is it a physical or chemical property?
Brittleness is the tendency of a substance to shatter when a force is applied. It is a physical property.
What is conductivity? Is it a physical or chemical property?
Conductivity describe the ability of a substance to transmit heat or electricity. It is a physical property.
What is viscosity? Is it a physical or chemical property?
Viscosity is a measurement of a substance’s resistance to flow. It is a physical property.
In chemistry, what does the term inert mean? Is it a physical or chemical property?
Inert means unreactive. It is a chemical property.
Is corrosion a physical or chemical property?
Corrosion is a chemical property because new substances form when the corrosive substance reacts with another substance.
Is combustion a physical or chemical change?
Combustion is a chemical change because it describes how a substance reacts with oxygen. Substances that are flammable or explosive undergo combustion.
Why is color not a characteristic property?
The same substance can have more than one color, and different substances can have the same color.
