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Physical Science > States of Matter and Thermal Energy > Flashcards

States of Matter and Thermal Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the properties and how do particles move in a solid?

A

Solids have definite shape and definite volume. The particles are close together and vibrate in fixed positions

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2
Q

What are the properties and how do particles move in a liquid?

A

Liquids have a definite volume and take the shape of their container. The particles are close together but can slide past each other.

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3
Q

What are the properties and how do particles move in a gas?

A

Gases do not have a definite shape or volume. The particles are spread far apart and move independently.

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4
Q

How does the plasma state differ from the gas state?

A

In both states the particles are spread far apart and move independently, but plasma is at higher temperatures and have charged particles (electrons stripped from the atoms).

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5
Q

What is melting?

A

A change of state from a solid to a liquid when energy is added to the substance.

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6
Q

What is boiling?

A

A change of state from a liquid to a gas when energy is added to the substance.

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7
Q

What is sublimation?

A

A change of state from a solid directly to a gas when energy is added to the substance.

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8
Q

What is deposition?

A

A change of state from a gas directly to a solid when energy is removed from a substance.

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9
Q

What is condensing?

A

A change of state from a gas to a liquid when energy is removed from a substance.

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10
Q

What is freezing?

A

A change of state from a liquid to a solid when energy is removed from a substance.

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11
Q

What is heat?

A

The transfer of energy between substances at different temperatures. Heat is measured in Joules.

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12
Q

What is temperature?

A

A measurement of the average kinetic energy of a substance. Temperature indicates hot or cold. The units of temperature are Kelvins and degree Celsius.

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13
Q

What is Thermal Energy?

A

A measurement of all the kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. The unit for Thermal energy is Joules.

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14
Q

What factors influence the amount of thermal energy in a substance or object?

A

The amount of thermal energy depends on the mass of the substance, the temperature of the substance, and the state of matter.

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15
Q

What is specific heat?

A

A property of a substance that describe the amount of heat needed to change one gram of the substance by one Celsius degree.

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16
Q

What is the rate of temperature change of a substance with a high specific heat?

A

A substance with a high specific heat will increase or decrease temperature slowly because more energy is needed to change the temperature.

17
Q

What is conduction?

A

A method to transfer energy between substances in contact or within a solid.

18
Q

What is convection?

A

A method to transfer energy within a fluid (liquid or gas) because of movement due to density differences?

19
Q

Why are warmer substances less dense?

A

When a substance is warmer, the particles are moving faster and spread further apart. This puts less mass in a given volume.

20
Q

Why are colder substances more dense?

A

When a substance is colder, the particles are moving more slowly and are closer together. This puts more mass in a given volume.

21
Q

Why are solids usually more dense than liquids?

A

Particles in a solid are closer together than particles in a liquid of the same substance. Water is an exception: ice is less dense than liquid water.

22
Q

What is radiation?

A

A method of energy transfer between substances by the movement of photons in waves.

23
Q

What is an insulator?

A

A substance that stops or slows energy transfer.

24
Q

What is a calorimeter?

A

A device that isolates a system where one substance transfers energy to another.

25
Q

In what direction does heat flow?

A

Heat naturally flows from a warmer substance to a colder substance.

26
Q

How does the temperature change when energy is added during a state of matter.

A

The substance will increase its temperature.

27
Q

How does the temperature change when energy is removed during a state of matter?

A

The substance will decrease its temperature.

28
Q

What happens to the temperature of a substance during a change of state?

A

Whether heat is added or removed, the temperature remains the same during a change of state. Energy change in the system affects the intermolecular forces that determine how the particles move.

29
Q

What is thermal expansion?

A

A substance will increase its volume when heat is added. The amount of increase depends on the coefficient of thermal expansion, which is a property of a substance.

30
Q

What is thermal contraction?

A

A substance will decrease its volume when heat is removed. The amount of decrease depends on the coefficient of thermal expansion, which is a property of a substance.

Physical Science (11 decks)

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