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Physical Science > Classification of Matter > Flashcards

Classification of Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a substance?

A

Matter with a definite chemical composition

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2
Q

What are two types of substances?

A

Elements and Compounds

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3
Q

What is a mixture?

A

Matter with a variable chemical composition

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4
Q

What are two types of mixtures?

A

Heterogeneous and Homogeneous

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5
Q

Are particles in a substance identical or different?

A

The particles (atoms or molecules) are identical.

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6
Q

Are particles in a mixture identical or different?

A

The particles are different. They can be different atoms, different molecules, or both atoms and molecules.

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7
Q

What is an element?

A

Matter that cannot be broken down into a more simple substance by ordinary chemical or physical methods.

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8
Q

When carbon 14 undergoes radioactive decay and forms nitrogen and a beta particle, does this event contradict the definition of an element?

A

No. Nuclear changes are not ordinary chemical or physical methods.

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9
Q

Sodium contains protons, neutrons, and electrons. Does this observation violate the definition of an element?

A

No. Subatomic particles are identical for any substance. One element is different than another.

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10
Q

What is the smallest particle of an element that has all the properties of that element?

A

An atom

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11
Q

What is a chemical symbol?

A

A shorthand method to identify an element.

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12
Q

Could “ca” be a chemical symbol for calcium? Why or why not?

A

No. It does not begin with a capital letter.

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13
Q

Could “CA be a chemical symbol for calcium? Why or why not?

A

No. The second letter must be lower case. Two capital letters could possibly be a chemical formula for a compound.

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14
Q

What is the definition of a compound?

A

Matter composed of two or more elements bonded together in a specific ratio.

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15
Q

Are two oxygen atoms bonded together a compound? Why or why not?

A

No. Compounds are made from two or more different elements.

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16
Q

What is a chemical bond?

A

A force that holds atoms together in a molecule.

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17
Q

Hydrogen peroxide and water are made from the same elements, hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen peroxide has a 2:2 ratio, while water has a 2:1 ratio. Are they the same substance?

A

No. Compounds made from the same elements with different ratios are different compounds.

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18
Q

What is the smallest particle of a compound that has the properties of that compound?

A

A molecule

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19
Q

A compound is made from carbon and oxygen. It is broken down into oxygen and carbon . Are carbon and oxygen the same as a compound made from carbon and oxygen?

A

No. Compounds are different substances from the elements that made them.

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20
Q

What must happen for a compound like water to be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen?

A

A chemical change must occur.

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21
Q

What is a chemical formula?

A

A shorthand method to identify which elements are in a compound and how many atoms of each are bonded together.

22
Q

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

A

A combination of substances that are distinguishable.

23
Q

The shorthand representation for nobelium is “No.” Is this an element or a compound?

A

“No” is an element because the second letter is small case.

24
Q

What is the name of the chart containing all the known elements on Earth?

A

The Periodic Table of the Elements

25
Q

The shorthand representation for nitric oxide is “NO.” Is nitric oxide an element or a compound?

A

“NO” is a compound because both letters are capitalized.

26
Q

A student mixes sand and iron filings together to make a mixture? Is this a heterogeneous or homogeneous mixture?

A

Heterogeneous because the student can see the sand particles and the iron particles.

27
Q

Filtration uses what property of matter to separate a mixture of sand and gravel?

A

Size

28
Q

Iron is attracted to a magnet. In a mixture of iron and sand, why can a magnet be used to separate the iron?

A

The substances in a mixture retain their properties.

29
Q

Why do substances in a mixture retain their properties?

A

No chemical bonds are broken or made when the substances combine.

30
Q

What is a colloid?

A

A mixture in two states of matter where at least some of the particles are intermediate in size.

31
Q

Why would blood be considered a heterogeneous mixture?

A

Under magnification, the different types of cells and the plasma can be distinguished.

32
Q

What is a suspension?

A

A mixture in two states of matter where at least some of the particles are visible without magnification.

33
Q

Muddy water and salad dressing would be examples of a colloid or a suspension?

A

A suspension

34
Q

What is the difference between a homogeneous and a heterogeneous mixture?

A

The parts of a heterogeneous mixture can be distinguished. The parts of a homogeneous mixture are so small that they cannot be distinguished, even with magnification.

35
Q

What is a subscript?

A

The small number that follows a chemical symbol and that indicates how many atoms of that element are in the compound.

36
Q

Which subscript number do chemists not write?

A

one

37
Q

What is a solution?

A

A homogeneous mixture that is uniform throughout.

38
Q

What is the solute?

A

The substance being dissolved.

39
Q

How does the state of matter of the solute and solution compare?

A

The solute can be the same state of matter or a different state than the solution.

40
Q

What is the solvent?

A

The substance that does the dissolving.

41
Q

How does the state of matter of the solvent and solution compare?

A

The solvent and the solution are usually in the same state of matter.

42
Q

What is solvation?

A

Process where the solvent surrounds the solute and pulls it into solution.

43
Q

What is dissociation?

A

Process where the solvent pulls apart an ionic solute into ions before surrounding the ions in solution. Enables the solution to conduct electricity.

44
Q

What is an electrolyte?

A

A substance that when it is put into solution, allows the solution to conduct electricity.

45
Q

What is an unsaturated solution?

A

A solution that can hold more solute at that temperature.

46
Q

If a test amount of solute is added to an unsaturated solution, what will happen?

A

The test amount of solute will dissolve.

47
Q

What is a saturated solution?

A

A solution that is holding as much solute as possible at that temperature?

48
Q

What happens when a test amount of solute is added to a saturated solution?

A

The test amount of solute will settle to the bottom of the container.

49
Q

What is a supersaturated solution?

A

A solution that is holding more solute than it should at that temperature?

50
Q

What happens when a test amount of solute is added to a supersaturated solution?

A

The solution will precipitate solute until it becomes a saturated solution.

51
Q

How can the amount of a solid solute that a solution can hold be increased?

A

For most solid solutes, increasing the temperature will increase the amount that can be dissolved.

52
Q
A

Physical Science (11 decks)

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