Types of long term memory (LTM)

Question 1

Who came up with types of LTM

Answer 1

└Tulving (1985)- 3 LTM stores

Question 2

3 LTM stores

Answer 2

Episodic memory
Semantic memory
Procedural memory

Question 3

Episodic memory

Answer 3

└events
└recalled consciously/with effort
└ can be expressed verbally (declarative)

Question 4

Semantic memory

Answer 4

└knowledge/facts

└recalled consciously/with effort

Question 5

Procedural memory

Answer 5

└actions/motor skills (how to do things)
└recalled unconsciously/ without effort
└ difficult to explain verbally (non-declarative)
└ may be more resistant to forgetting/amnesia

Question 6

Types of long term memory (LTM)
Strengths
Summary

Answer 6

clinical evidence (HM and Wearing)

• neuroimagine evidence (Tulving et al, 1994)
• real-life applications (Belleville et al ,2006)

Question 7

Types of long term memory (LTM)
Strengths
Clinical evidence

Answer 7

Clinical evidence
└HM (normal) and Wearing (musician)
└amnesia= impaired episodic memory, OK semantic/procedural memory
└different memory stored in different parts of brain (one damaged, others not)

Question 8

Types of long term memory (LTM)
Strengths
Neuroimaging evidence

Answer 8

Neuroimaging evidence
└Tulving et al (1994)
└PET scanned brain whilst doing memory tasks
└episodic/semantic memories- prefrontal cortex (right/left)
└physical reality to different types of LTM

Question 9

Types of long term memory (LTM)
Strengths
Real-life applications

Answer 9

Real-life applications
└can identify and target different types of LTM to better people’s lives
└Belleville et al (2006)
└episodic memories improved in old people who had mild cognitive impairment –better than control group
└specific treatments

Question 10

Types of long term memory (LTM)
Limitations
Summary

Answer 10

• problems with clinical evidence

- how may types of LTM (Cohen and Squire ,1980)

Question 11

Types of long term memory (LTM)
Limitations
Problems with clinical evidence

Answer 11

Problems with clinical evidence
└lack of control
└hard to generalise
└can’t repeat= decrease validity

Question 12

Types of long term memory (LTM)
Limitations
How may types of LTM

Answer 12

How may types of LTM
└Cohen and Squire (1980)
└non-declarative= procedural 
  └recalled unconsciously 
└ declarative= episodic/semantic
  └recalled consciously