Multi-store model of memory

Question 1

Multi-store model of memory

person

Answer 1

└Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968, 1971)

Question 2

Parts of the multistore model of memory

Answer 2

Sensory register
└iconic and echoic memory
Short term memory store
Long term memory sort

Question 3

Sensory register

Coding, capacity and duration

Answer 3

└iconic memory- coded visually
└echoic memory- coded acoustically 
└duration- less than half a second 
└capacity- high 
  └need to pay attention to pass further into system

Question 4

Short- term memory

Coding, capacity and duration

Answer 4

└coding- acoustic
└capacity-7+/-2
└duration- 18-30 seconds unless rehearsed
└maintenance rehearsal- keep in STM/move to LTM

Question 5

Long-term memory

Coding, capacity and duration

Answer 5

└coding- semantic
└capacity- unlimited
└duration- unlimited
└retrieval from LTM to STM- then response (remembering)

Question 6

Multi-store model of memory

strengths

Answer 6

Supporting evidence 
└Studies of coding capacity and duration 
└coding: Baddeley (1966a, 1966b)
└capacity: Jacobs (1887)
└duration: Petersons (1959)

Question 7

Multi-store model of memory
Limitations
Summary

Answer 7

• More than one type of STM: Shallice and Warrington (1970)
• Artificial materials
• More than one type of rehearsal: Craik and Watkins (1973)
• More than one type of LTM: Tulving (1985)

Question 8

Multi-store model of memory
Limitations
More than one type of STM

Answer 8

└Shallice and Warrington (1970)- amnesia patient KF
└must be separate visual auditory
└ he could recall words read himself not read to him
└working memory model does this

Question 9

Multi-store model of memory
Limitations
Artificial materials

Answer 9

└digits, letters words, consonant syllables (e.g. ZLG) used

└low external validity

Question 10

Multi-store model of memory
Limitations
More than one type of rehearsal

Answer 10

└MSM says that the more you rehearse information the more likely you are to transfer it into LTM
└Craik and Watkins (1973)
└found rehearsal type matters more than amount of times
└two types of rehearsal
└maintenance rehearsal: maintains it in STM (type describes in MSM)
└elaborative rehearsal: link information to existing knowledge/think about what it means, to transfer it into LTM
└limitation of MSM as research finding cant be explained by it

Question 11

Multi-store model of memory
Limitations
More than one type of LTM

Answer 11

└research evidence shows it is not a unitary memory store (Tulving 1985)
└episodic, semantic, procedural