Types of Long Term Memory

Question 1

What are the two types of long term memory?

Answer 1

Procedural memory and declarative memory

Question 2

What are the two types of declarative memory?

Answer 2

Semantic memory and episodic memory

Question 3

What is procedural memory?

Answer 3

Implicit memory, which means that it is hard to talk about and to explain

Question 4

What is declarative memory?

Answer 4

Explicit memory, which means that it is easy to talk about and to explain

Question 5

What is semantic memory?

Answer 5

Memory that is general knowledge

Question 6

What is episodic memory?

Answer 6

Memory about personal events

Question 7

Who created the evidence for the distinction between procedural and declarative memory?

Answer 7

Milner

Question 8

What was the case study of HM?

Answer 8

He was able to trace a shape using its mirror image and retain this for a number of days but he had no conscious recollection of every doing this task

Question 9

What did the conclusion of HM conclude?

Answer 9

He was able to use his procedural memory but he had damaged his ability to use his declarative memory

Question 10

What is an example of procedural memory?

Answer 10

Riding a bike or driving a car

Question 11

When does most procedural memory occur?

Answer 11

In the early stages of life

Question 12

What areas of the brain does procedural memory occur?

Answer 12

Neocortex brain, primary motor cortex, cerebellum and the prefrontal cortex

Question 13

Who researched the case study of PM?

Answer 13

Finke et al.

Question 14

What happened to PM?

Answer 14

He suffered brain damage after he contracted encephalitis which resulted in severe amnesia

Question 15

What parts of his brain were affected and which parts were still okay?

Answer 15

His episodic and semantic memory were affected but his procedural memory was still fine

Question 16

How did they know that there was a difference between each different type of LTM?

Answer 16

He could not remember musical facts but he could still play music facts and he could learn new complex pieces

Question 17

What is an example of episodic memory?

Answer 17

Our first day at school or a birthday party

Question 18

What are episodic memories influenced by?

Answer 18

Emotions

Question 19

How is the strength of our episodic memories affected?

Answer 19

The degree of processing of information at coding

Question 20

What does episodic information help individuals to do?

Answer 20

Distinguish between real events and imaginations

Question 21

What areas of the brain does episodic memory use?

Answer 21

The prefrontal brain, the neocortex and the hippocampus

Question 22

Who researched episodic memory?

Answer 22

Herlitz et al.

Question 23

What did Herlitz do in his study?

Answer 23

He used 1000 Swedish participants finding that females performed better in episodic tasks but there was no difference in semantic tasks

Question 24

What did Herlitz study suggest?

Answer 24

There are gender differences in episodic memory which can be explained by females having a generally higher verbal ability

Question 25

What is an example of semantic memory?

Answer 25

The alphabet and names of animals

Question 26

How is semantic memory different from episodic memory?

Answer 26

It is less personal and more about the facts that we share

Question 27

How is semantic memory linked to episodic memory?

Answer 27

The knowledge we learn tends to be learnt from past experiences

Question 28

What areas of the brain are associated with semantic memory?

Answer 28

The hippocampus, the frontal lobe and the temporal lobe

Question 29

What researched semantic memory?

Answer 29

Vicari et al

Question 30

What did Vicari research?

Answer 30

An eight year old girl (CL) who had suffered brain damage due to the removal of a tumour

Question 31

What did Vicari find?

Answer 31

Episodic and semantic memory are separate systems because she could not recall episodic memories but she could recall semantic memories