Types of Long Term Memory Flashcards
who proposed different types of LTM and why?
- Endel Tulving
- citicism of MSMM and oversimplifying LTM as only 1 store
what is episodic memory?
memories of events from our lives
are episodic memories time stamped?
yes
do episodic memories require conscious effort to recall?
yes
are episodic memories taught to us?
no
what are episodic memories made up of?
several elements such as people, places, behaviours etc, all interwoven
what can help us recall episodic memories?
sensory triggers
what are semantic memories?
knowledge of facts about the world and meanings of concepts and words
are semantic memories time-stamped?
no
do semantic memories require conscious effort to recall?
yes
are semantic memories taught to us?
they may be
are semantic memories more or lessvulnerable to distortion and forgetting than episodic memory?
less
what are procedural memories?
memories for actions or skills
are procedural memories time-stamped
no
are procedural memories taught to us?
they may be
do we require conscious effort to recall procedural memories?
usually no
evaluation of LTM types phrase
cases of hippos physically declaring interdependence
how do case studies support different types of LTM?
- Clive Wearing and HM show retained procedural memory despite severelyimpaired episodic memory
- shows must be distinction
what suggests different brain structures for different types of LTM?
- often in severe amnesiacs like CW and HM, procedural memory stays intact while episodic and maybe semantic are damaged
- suggests episodic and maybe semantic memories are affected by damage to the hippocampus and related areas but procedural memories don’t involve same brain structures
- skill based memories involve motor cortex and cerebellum
what do brain scans show in relation to types of LTM?
- episodic memories involve activity on right PFC while semantic memories involve activity in left PFC
- supports idea that different LTMs are physically separate
- findings replicated with same results
what do some researchers suggest about episodic and semantic memories?
not separate but part of same single store - declarative memory
what suggests interdependence b/w episodic and semantic memories?
when we recall events (episodic), we usually draw on understanding of meaning of these events (semantic), so may be significant interdependence
