Types of Long Term Memory

Question 1

who proposed different types of LTM and why?

Answer 1

• Endel Tulving
• citicism of MSMM and oversimplifying LTM as only 1 store

Question 2

what is episodic memory?

Answer 2

memories of events from our lives

Question 3

are episodic memories time stamped?

Answer 3

yes

Question 4

do episodic memories require conscious effort to recall?

Answer 4

yes

Question 5

are episodic memories taught to us?

Answer 5

no

Question 6

what are episodic memories made up of?

Answer 6

several elements such as people, places, behaviours etc, all interwoven

Question 7

what can help us recall episodic memories?

Answer 7

sensory triggers

Question 8

what are semantic memories?

Answer 8

knowledge of facts about the world and meanings of concepts and words

Question 9

are semantic memories time-stamped?

Answer 9

no

Question 10

do semantic memories require conscious effort to recall?

Answer 10

yes

Question 11

are semantic memories taught to us?

Answer 11

they may be

Question 12

are semantic memories more or lessvulnerable to distortion and forgetting than episodic memory?

Answer 12

less

Question 13

what are procedural memories?

Answer 13

memories for actions or skills

Question 14

are procedural memories time-stamped

Answer 14

no

Question 15

are procedural memories taught to us?

Answer 15

they may be

Question 16

do we require conscious effort to recall procedural memories?

Answer 16

usually no

Question 17

evaluation of LTM types phrase

Answer 17

cases of hippos physically declaring interdependence

Question 18

how do case studies support different types of LTM?

Answer 18

• Clive Wearing and HM show retained procedural memory despite severelyimpaired episodic memory
• shows must be distinction

Question 19

what suggests different brain structures for different types of LTM?

Answer 19

• often in severe amnesiacs like CW and HM, procedural memory stays intact while episodic and maybe semantic are damaged
• suggests episodic and maybe semantic memories are affected by damage to the hippocampus and related areas but procedural memories don’t involve same brain structures
• skill based memories involve motor cortex and cerebellum

Question 20

what do brain scans show in relation to types of LTM?

Answer 20

• episodic memories involve activity on right PFC while semantic memories involve activity in left PFC
• supports idea that different LTMs are physically separate
• findings replicated with same results

Question 21

what do some researchers suggest about episodic and semantic memories?

Answer 21

not separate but part of same single store - declarative memory

Question 22

what suggests interdependence b/w episodic and semantic memories?

Answer 22

when we recall events (episodic), we usually draw on understanding of meaning of these events (semantic), so may be significant interdependence