Types of long-term memory

Question 1

Who proposed the three LTM stores?

Answer 1

Tulving (1985)

Question 2

Why did Tulving propose the three LTM stores?

Answer 2

thought the MSM view of the LTM was too simplistic and inflexible

Question 3

Description of episodic memory store?

Answer 3

-ability to recall events (episodes) of personal experiences and events in our lives

-time-stamped, remember when they happened as well as what

-conscious effort to recall episodic memories

Question 4

Description of Semantic memory store?

Answer 4

-Knowledge of the world and facts

-non time-stamped, won’t recall when we first learnt information

-conscious effort to recall semantic memories

Question 5

Description of Procedural memory?

Answer 5

-memory for actions or skills

-non time stamped , actions occur without needing to remember how they occur

-can be recalled without conscious awareness

Question 6

How does Clive wearing support existence of different types of LTM?

Answer 6

experienced brain damage-
semantic & procedural memory still intact (still play piano, understanding meaning of words
episodic memory damage (can’t remember musical education or aspects of life)
-shows LTM is not a unitary store

Question 7

How do neurological studies support idea of different types of LTM?

Answer 7

-Tulving et al asked participants to perform various memory tasks while they were scanned
- prefrontal cortex= semantic & episodic
-supports» different brain areas are active while carrying out tasks which test different LTM

Question 8

How does being able to identify different LTM have real-life application?

Answer 8

-allows for intervention
-Belleville found that episodic memories can be improved in older people who had mild cognitive impairments by training them
-distinguishing between the 3 types of LTM helps people get treatment they need