Types of Joints Flashcards
Fibrous Joint
immovable/partly movable
bone attached to bone directly by fibrous tissue, there is no intervening joint space
ex. skull, teeth
Cartilaginous Joint
immovable/partly moveable
bones in these joints are attached by cartilaginous or fibro cartilaginous tissues
ex. epiphyseal growth plates, inter-vertabral
disc
Synovial Joint
freely movable
- articular bones are capped with articular cartilage
- joint cavity is lined internally by synovial membrane
- ligaments reinforce the fibrous, sensitive joint capsule
- bursa is formed out of a cushion of synovial membrane
6 Types of Synovial Joints
Ball and Socket Hinge Saddle Ellipsoid Pivot Gliding
Ball and Socket
ball shaped head fits into a concave socket
most freely movable type of joint
ex. shoulder joint & hip joint
Hinge
similar to that of a door and includes the ankle, the interphalangeal, and the elbow joints
Saddle
made of two concave surfaces, carpometacarpal of thumb
all movements but rotation
Ellipsoid
reduced ball and socket in which rotation is significantly reduced
ex. bicondylar knee, jaw and radiocarpal (wrist)
Pivot
ring of bone rotating about an axle of bone
Gliding
joints are made of flat surfaces that smoothly move across one another
ex. facet joints of vertebrae, acromioclavicular joint of the shoulder girdle & intercarpal/intertarsal joints of wrist and ankle
Extension
increase of the angle between the bones of the joint occurs in the sagittal plane
Flexion
decrease of the angle between the bones of the joint occurs in the sagittal plane
Adduction
movement in joint toward the midline of body occurs laterally in the coronal plane
Abduction
movement in joint away from the midline of body occurs laterally in the coronal plane
Circumduction
circular movement at the ball and socket joints, as well as condylar and saddle joints
combination of flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction movements performed in a sequence
Sagittal and Coronal Planes
Rotation
a movement moving the bone of the joint around its axis towards body medial or internal rotation: external or lateral
Transverse plane or Cross plane
Supination
external rotation of the forearm at the radiohumeral joint, so that the palm faces forward
in the foot, it is the combination of inversion, adduction around a vertical axis, and plantar flexion
Pronation
the internal rotation of the forearm at radiohumeral joint, so that the palm faces backwards
in the foot, combination of eversion, abduction around a vertical axis and dorsiflexion
Inversion
turns the sole of the foot inward so that the medial border of the foot is elevated
Eversion
turns the sole of the foot inward so that the lateral border of the foot is elevated
Plantar Flexion
foot at ankle joint corresponds to what dancers call pointing the foot
Dorsiflexion
corresponds to what dancers call flexing the foot