Types Of Formulae And Nomenclature

Question 1

What is empirical formula

Answer 1

The simplest whole number ratio of the atoms of each element in a compound

Question 2

What is molecular formula

Answer 2

Gives the actual number of atoms of each element in a molcule

Question 3

What is structural formula

Answer 3

Written one-line formula showing which groups of atoms are connected to which

Question 4

What is displayed formula

Answer 4

Shows all the atoms and all the bonds between them in one molecule of a compound

Question 5

What is skeletal formula

Answer 5

Simplified displayed formula with hydrogen atoms not shown and carbon atoms at the corners of any line, so shows the functional groups fully

Question 6

Which rules are followed when naming compounds

Answer 6

IUPAC rules

Question 7

Rules for naming an alkane

Answer 7

1. Count longest chain of carbons and name that part
2. Identify the alkyl groups attached to this chain
3. Number the carbon atoms in main chain to identify which carbon atoms the side groups are attached to
4. Name compound using name of longest unbranched chain prefixed by the names of the side groups and the numbers of the carbon atoms they are attached to with the lowest possible number in front of them
5. If more than one type of side group they should be arranged alphabetically
6. If more than one of the same side groups add prefix di, tri, tetra which does not change alphabetical order of side groups

Question 8

Order of priority for functional groups

Answer 8

Carboxylic acids
Aldehydes
Ketones
Alcohols
Alkenes
Halogenoalkene

Question 9

Prefix used for ring of carbons

Answer 9

Cyclo