Electrophilic Addition Mechanisms Flashcards
What is fission
Bond breaking
What is heterolytic fission
When one atom gets both electrons in a bonding pair resulting in the formation of ions
What is a carbocation
Intermediate with a positive carbon atom with three bonds
What are double bonds
Areas of high electron density which attack the delta positive atom in a molecule and donate two electrons to it
How does a bromine molecule react with alkene
The bromine molecule is polarised by proximity with double bond so bromine atom closer to double bond becomes delta positive charge and one further becomes delta negative
What is the major product
One formed in greater proportions as its carbocation intermediate is more stable
What is the minor product
One formed in smaller proportions as its carbocation is less stable
What is a primary carbocation
One in which the carbon ion is linked to only one other carbon atom
What is a secondary carbocation
One in which the positive carbon ion is linked to two other carbon atoms
What is a tertiary carbocation
One in which it’s positive carbon ion is linked to three carbon atoms
Nature of methyl groups
Push electrons away from themselves so are electron releasing, cause positive inductive effect meaning they stabilise positive charges
Order of stability for primary, secondary and tertiary carbocations and why
Tertiary>secondary>primary
-as tertiary have more methyl groups than secondary and secondary have more alkyl groups than primary which are electron releasing and stabilise the positive charge of the carbon ion meaning it’s positive charge is less
Does more stable carbocation form major or minor product
Forms major product
