Types of flaps Flashcards
Envelope Flap
Extended horizontal incision along cervial line of 4-5 teeth without any vertical or releasing incision
Advantages: Minimal trauma to tissue and quicker healing, easy reapproximation to original position
Disadvantages: Limited access to deeper structures, difficult reflection mainly palatally, great tension with risk of ends tearing, possibility of injuring nerves and vessels
Triangular (Three-Cornered) Flap
L shaped incision. Horizonta incision along the gingival sulcus and a vertical or oblique incision.
Vertical incision begins at vestibular fold and extends to interdental papillae of gingiva
Performed labially/bucally to remove:
1) Root tips
2) Small cysts
3) Apicoectomies
Trapezoid flap
Horizontal incision along the gingiva with two oblique vertical releasing incisons extending to the buccal vestibule.
Advantages:
1) Excellent acces
2) Surgery can be done on more than one tooth
3) Produces no tension in the tissues
4) Eas y approximation
Disadvantages
1) Gingival recession
Semi-lunar flap
Curved incison beginning beneath the vestibular fold with the convex part towards the attached gingiva which should be atleast 0.5 cm from the gingival margin
1) Apicoectomy
2) Removing small cysts
3) Root tips
The three main types of Pedicle flaps
Used fo rclosure of an oroantral communication are:
1) Buccal (trapezoidal flap)
2) Palatal
Used in edentulous patients so that the vestibular depth is maintained
3) Bridge flaps
This type of flap is used only on edentulous parts of the alveolar ridge.
Halsted’s principles
- Gentle handling of tissue
- Meticulous haemostasis
- Preservation of blood supply
- Strict aseptic technique
- Minimum tension on tissues
- Accurate tissue apposition
- Obliteration of dead space
Y-shaped and an X –shaped incisions
Palatal surgery to remove tori
Flap Resulting from Y-shaped Incision.
An incision is made along the midline of the palate, as well as two anterolateral incisions, which are anterior to the canines
X-shaped incision
This type of flap is used in larger exostoses, and is basically an extension of the -shaped incision