Types of Femininity and Masculinity Flashcards
1
Q
Define Hegemonic Femininity
A
Women as:
- Passive
- Appearance focused
- Expressive role
- Subordinate to men
2
Q
What is the traditional stereotype of women taking on the expressive role being replaced by?
A
- Role models of strong, independent, successful women
- Women contribute to family income / they are the main wage earner
3
Q
Define Assertive Femininity
A
- Challenges schools male culture, sexism of male teachers, and peers.
- It empowers them and gives them control
- Challenges ideas that women should be passive
4
Q
Define Ladettes
A
- Jackson –> describes a group of working class girls who take on laddish behaviour due to fear of failure.
- 2006 World Health Organisation survey found girls in the UK were among most violent in the world, nearly 1 in 3 girls admitting to being in a fight in the past year.
5
Q
Hegemonic Masculinity
A
- Male supremacy
- Heterosexuality
- Aggression
- Repression of emotions
- Macho and sexist behaviour
- Expectations about what women should do
- The technical competence of males
6
Q
Traits of Traditional Masculinity
A
- Associated with working class males
- Nayak arguing 1950s-1960s men had ‘body capital’
- Main breadwinners
- Hard physical jobs
- Ability to opt out of domestic duties
7
Q
Define Laddish Masculinity
A
- Sexual promiscuity
- Drinking
- Football
- Loutishness
- Jackson argues boys adopt laddish behaviour due to fear of academic failure, concern with social relationships, and desire to ‘fit’ in.
8
Q
Define Complicit Masculinity
A
- Adopt a shared role in the family
- More caring and emotional
- No longer the main breadwinner
- ‘The New Man’
9
Q
Define Marginalised Masculinity
A
- No longer have jobs to go to due to changes in economy
- Many left with the crisis of masculinity (Mac an Ghaill)
- Connell uses this to describe the sense of loss felt by men
10
Q
Define Subordinate Masculinity
A
- Connell uses to describe concerns with gay men who are viewed as behaving differently and do not conform to the expectations of the dominant hegemonic masculinity
11
Q
Define Metrosexuality
A
- Studied by Frank Mort
- Men who embrace their feminine sides, use cosmetic products, interest in fashion
12
Q
What is the crisis of masculinity
A
- Men no longer main breadwinner
- Not what Gilmore described as the provider, the protector and the impregnator
- Mac and Ghaill called it the ‘Crisis of Masculinity’
- Men search for a gender identity that fits in the modern world.
