Types of Drugs

Question 1

mimics the response of ACh

Answer 1

cholinergic agonist

Question 2

• longer duration of action
• prefer to bind directly to muscarinic -receptors
• show little specificity in their actions
• synthetic esters of choline
• mimics the response of ACh

Answer 2

direct acting cholinergic agonist

Question 3

• inhibit AChE which prolongs the lifetime of ACh
• results in an accumulation of ACh
• acts on muscarinic and nicotinic receptors

Answer 3

indirect acting cholinergic agonist - reversible

Question 4

• organophosphates bind with AChE

- results in long lasting ACh at all sites

Answer 4

indirect acting cholinergic agonist - irreversible

Question 5

• reactivates previously inhibited AChE

- produces aging of enzyme complex

Answer 5

reactivation of AChE inhibitors

Question 6

• cholinergic blockers
• bind to cholinoceptors to block the normal response
• work against ACh

Answer 6

cholinergic antagonist

Question 7

• block parasympathetic innervation
• sympathetic innervation left unopposed (do not block nicotinic receptors)
• have little to no effect at skeletal NMJ or autonomic ganglia
• number of antihistamine and antidepressants have this type of activity

Answer 7

antimuscarinic agents or muscarinic blockers

Question 8

• act on nicotinic receptors of both SNS and PSNS
• not as effective as NMJ antagonists
• blocks the entire output of ANS at the nicotinic receptor
• non depolarizing response = complex and unpredictable

Answer 8

ganglionic blockers

Question 9

-block cholinergic transmission between motor nerve endings and nicotinic receptors on the neuromuscular end plate of skeletal muscle

Answer 9

neuromuscular blockers

Question 10

• neuromuscular blocker
• competitive
• acts as an antagonist to ACh

Answer 10

non depolarizing neuromuscular blocker

Question 11

• neuromuscular blocker

- acts as an agonist to ACh

Answer 11

depolarizing neuromuscular blocker

Question 12

• can act directly on the adrenergic receptor by activating it; called sympathomimetic
• agents either directly or indirectly stimulate the adrenoceptors

Answer 12

adrenergic agonists

Question 13

• directly stimulate adrenoceptors
• producing effects similar to those that occur following the stimulation of sympathetic nerves or the release of epinephrine
• activated receptors initiate synthesis of a second messenger and subsequent intracellular signals.

Answer 13

direct acting adrenergic agonist

Question 14

• indirectly stimulate adrenoceptors
• by blocking the uptake of norepinephrine or are taken up into the presynaptic neuron which causes a release of norepinephrine from the adrenergic neuron
• do not directly affect postsynaptic receptors.

Answer 14

indirect acting adrenergic agonist

Question 15

-induce the release of norepinephrine from presynaptic terminals and they activate adrenergic receptors on the postsynaptic membrane

Answer 15

direct and indirect acting adrenergic agonists

Question 16

• affect the receptors that are stimulated by norepinephrine and epinephrine
• block the action of the NT’s at the receptors by binding to the adrenoceptors but do not trigger the usual intracellular effects
• can act reversibly or irreversibly attaching to the receptor preventing its action by endogenous catecholamine’s
• antagonists that block dopamine receptors are most important in the CNS

Answer 16

adrenergic antagonists

Question 17

• profoundly affect BP
• blocking these receptors reduces the sympathetic tone of the blood vessels, resulting in decreased peripheral vascular resistance which induces a reflex tachycardia resulting from the lowered BP

Answer 17

adrenergic antagonists - alpha blockers

Question 18

• all competitive antagonists
• can be either nonselective or selective
• non selective block B1 and B2 whereas cardio selective antagonists block B1
• all lower BP and do not induce postural hypotension (b/c A remain functional)

Answer 18

adrenergic antagonists - beta blockers

Question 19

effective in treating: angina, cardiac arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, hyperthyroidism, glaucoma and serving in prophylaxis of migraine headaches.

Answer 19

adrenergic antagonists - beta blockers

Question 20

• exert their effects indirectly on the adrenergic neuron by blockade reuptake of NT into the cytoplasm or by causing the release of NT from storage vesicles or act on the adrenergic neuron wither to interfere w/NT release or to alter the uptake of the NT into the adrenergic nerve
• *rarely used therapeutically

Answer 20

adrenergic antagonists - drugs affecting neurotransmitter uptake/release