Types of clefts

Question 1

Incomplete cleft lip

Answer 1

Lip is cleft without cleft in alveolus

Question 2

What are the types of cleft lip?

Answer 2

Incomplete cleft lip, Unilateral cleft lip and alveolus, unilateral cleft lip and alveolus and lip pit, microform cleft lip, bilateral cleft lip and alveolus, midline maxillary cleft, mandibular cleft

Question 3

What is a microform cleft lip?

Answer 3

Malformation of the midline of the upperlip. Everything is fused, do not see cleft, but small facial anomalies

Question 4

What is a midline maxillary cleft?

Answer 4

Nasomedial process failure to merge in the midline

Question 5

What are the classic symtoms of submucous cleft?

Answer 5

Bifid uvula, notching of palatine bone, muscular diastasis of velum, possible zona pellucida (light may or may not pass through)

Question 6

What are the probable statistics from cleft lip in the general population?

Answer 6

1:1000 to 1:2000

Question 7

What are the odds of a submucous cleft in those who have a cleft in the primary palate?

Answer 7

13:100

Question 8

What are the odds someone with a submucous cleft will have VPD?

Answer 8

25-50%

Question 9

How many people with submucous cleft are asymptomatic?

Answer 9

50%

Question 10

What are the signs of a submucous cleft in symptomatic children?

Answer 10

Hypernasality, nasal air emission, compensatory articulation errors, middle ear disease/hearing loss, Hx of nasal regurgitation

Question 11

What are two symptoms that on their own confirm a submucous cleft?

Answer 11

Bifid uvula and muscular diastasis

Question 12

What is the chance of a couple with a child with a cleft lip/palate having a second child w/ cleft lip/palate?

Answer 12

3-5%

Question 13

What teratogens have been associated with cleft lip/palate?

Answer 13

cigarette smoke, alcohol, certain drugs, lead pollution, viruses such as rubella & influenza, maternal nutritional deficiencies, maternal obesity

Question 14

What physical disruptions could occur in pregnancy?

Answer 14

Amniotic bands attaching to body parts and acting as tourniquets

Question 15

What are possible effects of a cleft of the primary palate on function?

Answer 15

Incomplete cleft lip usually aesthetic concerns, rarely functional.

Complete–dental and occlusal abnormalities, small oral cavity size, dental interference w/ speech sound production, reduced nasal cavity size that may affect nasal breathing

Question 16

What are possible effects of a cleft of the secondary palate on function?

Answer 16

Difficulty with sucking, nasal regurgitation when feeding, disorders of speech and resonance, conductive hearing loss from chronic otitis media w/ effusion, airway obstruction

Question 17

What are the rates of VPI among those who have had a cleft of the secondary palate surgically repaired?

Answer 17

20-30%

Question 18

What is a palatal/ oronasal fistula?

Answer 18

Hole in the palate that forms sometimes after surgical repair

Question 19

What is a submucous cleft?

Answer 19

The palatal structure appears intact, but development was affected in the nasal surface of the palate

Question 20

What are the two types of submucous cleft?

Answer 20

overt and occult

Question 21

What is an occult submucous cleft?

Answer 21

Is not apparent on the oral side of the velum (can only be seen through nasopharyngoscopy)