Types of Carbohydrates

Question 1

Where do Carbohydrates come from?

Answer 1

-Sugars, starches, and fibers

-Major food sources: plants
Produced during photosynthesis

Question 2

Two main carbohydrate types

Answer 2

-Simple and Complex

Question 3

Simple carbohydrates made up of what?

Answer 3

Monosaccharides

Disaccharides

Question 4

Disaccharides

Answer 4

Sucrose
Lactose
Maltose

Two monosaccharides linked together

Question 5

Monosaccharides

Answer 5

Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

Question 6

What is Glucose?

Answer 6

is a Monosaccharide

preferred molecule for energy!!

• Is most abundant
• Also is called dextrose
• Gives food sweet flavor
• Usually joined to another sugar
• Provides energy to body cells
• Blood sugar
• Found in fruits, vegetables, honey

Question 7

What is Fructose?

Answer 7

is a Monosaccharide

can be used as energy but not as good as glucose!!

• Also called levulose or fruit sugar
• Tastes the sweetest
• Occurs naturally in fruits and vegetables
• Found in fruits, honey, and corn syrup

Question 8

What is Galactose?

Answer 8

is a Monosaccharide

has to be converted to glucose

• Usually bond to glucose to form lactose
• Primary sugar in milk and dairy products

Question 9

What is Sucrose?

Answer 9

is a Disaccharides

• glucose + fructose
• “Table sugar”
• Made from sugar cane and sugar beets
• Listed as “sugar” on food labels

Question 10

What is Lactose?

Answer 10

is a Disaccharides

• glucose + galactose
• “Milk sugar”
• Found in milk and milk products

Question 11

What is Maltose?

Answer 11

is a Disaccharides

• glucose + glucose
• “Malt sugar”
• Seldom occurs naturally in foods
• Product of starch breakdown
• Found in germinating cereal grains

Question 12

Types of Complex Carbohydrates?

Answer 12

Chains of two or more sugar molecules
Starch
Glycogen
Fiber

Question 13

Two types of Chains of two or more sugar molecules

Answer 13

1. Oligosaccharides
   - Three to ten sugar molecules
   - Examples sources: dried beans, peas, and lentils
2. Polysaccharides
   - Long chains of monosaccharides
   - Structural differences
   - Digestible or nondigestible

Question 14

Starch?

Answer 14

-How plants store energy
-Found in grains, legumes, and tubers (potatoes and yams)
-Long chains of glucose units:
Amylose=straight chains
Amylopectin=branched chains more digestible!! KNOW

Resistant starch:
A starch that is not digested

Question 15

Glycogen?

Answer 15

-Body’s storage form of carbohydrate
-Provides glucose when blood glucose levels get low
-Highly branched chains of
glucose units
-Most stored in our skeletal
muscle and liver
-Carbohydrate “loading”

Question 16

Fiber?

Answer 16

-Non-digestible carbohydrates and lignins
-Dietary fiber: found in plants
Fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains

Question 17

Lactose intolerant?

Answer 17

-not able to break down lactose, stop producing the enzyme, evolutionary not
suppose to produce milk through out life

• can also become lactose intolerant from your ancestors
• can take lactate to help

Question 18

Difference between Amylose and Amylopectin digestive enzymes.

Answer 18

Amylose=straight chains

Amylopectin=branched chains more digestible!!

Question 19

Functional fiber

Answer 19

isolated and added to foods

Question 20

Total Fiber

Answer 20

the sum of dietary fiber and functional fiber