Function of a Protein Flashcards
Both Proteins and Amino Acids are…?
A part of every cell
Needed in chemical reactions
Keep us “together”
Why is protein important?
- We constantly assemble, break down, and use proteins
- We get it from our food sources
- Without it, Protein deficiency
What happens when you have access protein?
Makes energy
Can be Stored as fat
What food sources can protein be found in?
Beef Chicken Fish Milk Plant foods
What plant based foods are proteins found in?
Beans, rice, peas, grains, nuts, seeds, and vegetables
Two parts of Protein deficiency?
Wasting
Immune system
What is wasting?
Without protein, your fats and muscle begin to be used.
What role does the immune system play in protein deficiency?
- More vulnerable to infection
- Impairs digestion and absorption of nutrients
T/F: Amino Acids are building blocks of proteins
True
20 Amino acids that are used to make up every protein we need in our body. (ex: hair, skin, muscle, liver)
Types of amino acids
Indispensable
Dispensable
Conditionally dispensable
Indispensable
Nutrients that must come from diet
Dispensable
Nutrients that can be made in the body
Conditionally dispensable
Tyrosine and PKU:
- shows up in infants at birth.
- Cant make tyrosine from Phenylalanine
PKU stands for what?
Phenylketonuria- A birth defect that causes an amino acid called phenylalanine to build up in the body.
Protein structure is made up of what?
Amino acids sequence
Held together by Peptide bonds
the first line of amino acids is its primary structure
What determines the shape of the protein?
Sequence of Amino acids determines shape
Shape of protein determines function
Protein Denaturtion
Proteins can be denatured through exposure to heat or chemicals. Denatured proteins lose their three dimensional structure and thus their function.
How does denaturing effect the protein structure?
-Disrupts the function
-Caused by acidic or alkalinity,
alcohol, high temperature
oxidation, and agitation
- Functions of Body Proteins
- Structure and mechanical functions
- Immune functions
- Enzymes
- Hormones
- Acid-base balance
- Transport functions
- Fluid balance
- Source of energy
Structural and mechanical functions of proteins?
Collagen (flexible but structured. Nose.) Keratin (nails +hair) Motor proteins (Actin + Myosin)
Immune functions of protein?
Antibodies-attack bacteria and viruses
Coordinating Immune response
Function of enzymes in body protein?
Catalyze reactions- increases the rate of the reaction without changing the disposition.
Function of hormones in body protein?
Regulate body processes
Function of acid-base balance in body protein?
- Proteins as buffers
- Acidosis
- Alkalosis
Transport functions of body protein?
Channels and pumps
Carriers (proteins bind to a substance and help bring it across the cell membrane.)
Function of fluid balance in body protein?
- Blood proteins attract fluid
- Intracellular (interstitial)
- Extracellular (intravascular)
- Edema
Edema?
When protein deficient you see a lot of swelling (around feet and legs.)
Source of energy and glucose for body proteins?
Carbohydrates and fat are protein-sparing
4 kcal/g
Protein for energy: Deamination
