Types of bias (?)

Question 1

What is expectational bias?

Answer 1

Expectation of what an individual will find affects view on what has actually been found

Question 2

What is confirmational bias?

Answer 2

Individuals test previous hypotheses by looking for confirming evidence rather than potentially conflicting evidence

Question 3

What is motivational bias?

Answer 3

Motivation causes decisions to result with information consistent with a favoured outcome over an unfavoured one

Question 4

What is contextual bias?

Answer 4

Information outside of what is considered influences the outcome of judgement e.g. knife in kitchen vs knife at murder scene

Question 5

What are role effects?

Answer 5

Status of individual influences decision making especially when some ambiguity exists

Question 6

What are anchoring effects?

Answer 6

Individual relies too heavily on one pieces of information when judging other information

Question 7

What are reconstructive effects?

Answer 7

Relying on memory over contemporaneous notes, causing them to fill in gaps with potentially false/skewed information

Question 8

How can we reduce bias?

Answer 8

Contemporaneous notes
Training
Systematic approaches

Question 9

How can bias affect forensic investigations?

Answer 9

Can result in a failure to secure evidence, can misguide investigations towards false leads