Types of Aid Flashcards
What is aid?
Assistance given to countries or communities in the event of a crisis OR for the development of long-term sustainable improvements.
What is emergency aid?
Rapid provision of resources e.g. food, clean water, temporary shelter to people/countries in immediate distress to relieve suffering during and/or after an unforeseen event e.g. civil war, hurricane.
What is the purpose of emergency aid?
TO keep people alive; respond to the most urgent needs of people by providing essential resources.
What is an advantage of emergency aid?
Quick aid provides essentials to those most in need THEREFORE it can save lives, reducing mortality rates/increasing life expectancy (promoting health status).
What is a limitation of emergency aid?
Short term so not usually sustainable THEREFORE may not improve BoD, LE or HD long term.
Provide two examples of emergency aid
- Providing food following Asian tsunami
- Providing shelter after Pakistan floods
- Providing medical supplies during war between Sudan and South Sudan
- Providing water following earthquake in Nepal
What is bilateral aid?
Aid is given by the government of one country directly to the government of another country (often in the form of money, but can also be services and personnel)
What is the purpose of bilateral aid?
TO help reduce poverty and bring about long-term sustainable development by helping governments of recipient countries to strengthen their economic, political, health and education systems and eventually become self-sufficient
What is an advantage of bilateral aid?
- countries work together to ensure the aid meets the needs of the recipient country THEREFORE increasing the impact of the aid and it’s sustainability to achieve long term health gains.
- can help strengthen ties between countries THEREFORE promoting relationships for trade and regional security.
What is a limitation of bilateral aid?
- Often used in major cities so may not reach those most in need (rural and remote areas) THEREFORE not improving the health of those of lowest HS.
- Aid can be used to put political or economic pressure on the receiving country; the country may then end up owing a donor country or organisation a ‘favour’ THEREFORE can be detrimental to long term health outcomes.
Provide two examples of bilateral aid
- DFAT providing aid to the government of Timor Leste through building schools, helping to run elections, helping to maintain peace.
- DFAT providing funding to the government of Papua New Guinea to implement treatment and education around HIV/AIDS.
What is multilateral aid?
Aid is provided through an international organisation e.g. United Nations, World Health Organisation, UNICEF, World Bank, GAVI (Vaccine Alliance); it combines donations from a number of countries and then distributes funds to countries in need.
What is the purpose of multilateral aid?
TO contribute to the achievement of EQUITY in health and wellbeing and promote human development.
What is an advantage of multilateral aid?
- International organisations have greater reach as they are active throughout the world and have many resources THEREFORE can have significant impact on global health.
- Less tied to political interests of individual donor countries THEREFORE reduced pressure on recipient countries to ‘repay the favour’ so to speak.
What is a limitation of multilateral aid?
Can be a slower process for donations to be processed, pooled and distributed THEREFORE may be delay in achieving health and human development outcomes.
