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DISPENSING LEC (DRUG INTERACTION) > Type of ADRs > Flashcards

Type of ADRs Flashcards

1
Q

Sulfonamide causes SJS

A

Bizarre

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2
Q

Halothane causes acute hepatic necrosis

A

Bizzare

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3
Q

Anesthetic drugs causing hyperthermia

A

Bizzare

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4
Q

Orthostatic hypertension

A

Augmented extension effect

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5
Q

Bronchospasm caused by beta blocker

A

Augmented side effect (bronchospasm is unintended)

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6
Q

Phenothiazines or haloperidol used to treat psychiatric
conditions may induce extra-pyramidal side reactions
that can be managed with small doses of benztropine or
diphenhydramine.

A

Augmented side effect

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7
Q

Anti-cancer drugs that induce nausea and vomiting can
be given anti-emetic agents.

A

Augmented side effects

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8
Q

Anaphylaxis,
hay
fever,
asthma,
urticaria

A

Type I Anaphylactic reaction

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9
Q

Antigen binds on IgE in the mast cells. Sensitize in the initial exposure, however upon repeated exposure, the allergen cross links the IgE antibodies, causing degranulation, releasing histamines, leukotrienes ang prostaglandins

A

Type I Anaphylactic reaction

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10
Q

Hemolytic
transfusion
reactions and
hemolytic disease
of newborns
(hemolytic anemia
and aplastic
anemia)

Hemolytic anemia:
caused by taking
methyldopa
Aplastic anemia:
caused by taking
chloramphenicol

A

Type II cytotoxic reaction

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11
Q

Involve the binding of IgG
and IgM antibodies to
antigens on cell surfaces.
This induces a cascade of
events that leads to cell
death (complement mediated lysis).

A

Type II cytotoxic reaction

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12
Q

IgG and IgM
which is directed against
antigens that are found on
cell membrane of a given
target cell,

ex: leukocytes &
erythrocytes resulting to
cell death.

A

Type II cytotoxic reaction

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13
Q

Mediators: antigen-antibody
complexes
Result from the formation of
antigen-antibody complexes
that settle on tissues and
organs. In an attempt to
remove these complexes,
underlying tissue is also
damaged.

A

Type III immunocomplex

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14
Q

Serum sickness,
rheumatoid
arthritis
(arthus
reaction) and SLE
(Hydralazine,
Phenytoin, INH/
Isoniazid,
Procainamide)

A

Type III immunocomplex

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15
Q

Regulated by T cells and
are delayed reactions to
antigens associated with
cells.

T-lymphocytes sensitized
by an antigen release
lymphokines after
subsequent contact with the
same antigen.

Lymphokines induce
inflammation and activate
macrophages.

A

Type IV delayed reactions

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16
Q

Mediators: T cells
Tuberculin
reactions and
contact dermatitis

A

Type IV delayed reactions

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17
Q

Condition where a person takes a drug compulsively,
despite potential harm to themselves of their desire to
stop.
•
Example: Marijuana, Opiates

A

Continuous(addiction)

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18
Q

•
Compulsion to take the drug repeatedly and experiences
unpleasant symptoms if discontinued.
•
Examples: BZD, Caffeine, Cocaine

A

Continuous (Dependence )

19
Q

Physical dependence

A

Body

20
Q

Psychological dependence

A

Mind

21
Q

Larger doses required to produce the same effect.

A

Continuous (tolerance )

22
Q

•
A rapid decrease in response to repeated doses over a
short period of time

**Drug Holiday

A

Tachyphylaxis (continuous)

23
Q

stop the medication for a while and
reinitiate after few days for the drug to elicit its effects.

A

Drug holiday

24
Q

Steroids causing cushing sydrome due to prolonged use

A

Continuous

25
Q

Isoproterenol and nitrates causes tachyphylaxis

A

Continuous

26
Q

Carcinogen and teratogen

A

Delayed

27
Q

Delayed reaction: MTX

A

CNS and limb malformations

28
Q

Delayed reaction
ACE inhibitors

A

prolonged renal failure in neonates,
decreased skull ossification, renal tubular dysgenesis

29
Q

Delayed reaction
Anticholinergic drugs

A

neonatal meconium ileus

30
Q

Delayed reaction
Methimazole

A

aplasia cutis

31
Q

Delayed reaction
Carbamazepine

A

Neural tube defect

32
Q

Delayed reactions
Cyclophosphamide

A

CNS malformations, secondary
cancer

33
Q

Delayed reactions
Danazol

A

masculinization of female fetuses

34
Q

Delayed reaction
NSAIDs

A

constriction of ductus arteriosus,
necrotizing
enterocolitis

35
Q

Delayed reaction
Lithium

A

Eibstein anomaly

36
Q

Delayed
Warfarin

A

Skeletal and CNS defects, Dandy- Walker
syndrome

37
Q

Delayed reaction
Phenytoin

A

Fetal hydrantoin syndrome

38
Q

Delayed reactions
Valproic acid

A

Spina bfida

39
Q

Delayed reaction
Alcohol

A

Fetal alcoholic syndrome

40
Q

Delayed reactions
Thalidomide

A

Phocomelia

41
Q

Rebound HTN due to sudden stop of clonidine

A

End of use

42
Q

Adrenal insufficiency due to stopping prolonged use of steroid

A

End of use

43
Q

o Drug-Drug interactions
o Use of counterfeit drugs
o Drug instability
o Poor patient compliance
o Wrong route of administration
o Drug resistance
-AMR

A

FAILURE OF THERAPY

DISPENSING LEC (DRUG INTERACTION) (7 decks)

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