Type II Hypersensitivity Flashcards
Which antibodies are typically involved in Type II hypersensitivity, and how do they lead to cell damage or dysfunction?
A) Immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies that cause cell damage through direct cytotoxicity.
B) Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies that block the binding of a ligand to a surface receptor.
C) Immunoglobulin G (IgG) or immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies that lead to cell damage by complement-mediated lysis or other mechanisms, dysfunction of the cell by blocking the binding of a ligand to a surface receptor, or overstimulation of a cell’s function.
D) Immunoglobulin D (IgD) antibodies that promote cell damage through cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
C) Immunoglobulin G (IgG) or immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies that lead to cell damage by complement-mediated lysis or other mechanisms, dysfunction of the cell by blocking the binding of a ligand to a surface receptor, or overstimulation of a cell’s function.
Which of the following conditions are associated with Type II hypersensitivity reactions?
A) Rheumatoid arthritis and asthma
B) Systemic lupus erythematosus and psoriasis
C) Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDFN) and immediate
D) Type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis
C) Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDFN) and immediate
When an antibody binds to a cell, what is one of the major effects that can occur?
a. The cell can be destroyed.
b. The function of the cell can be inhibited.
c. The function of the cell can be increased above normal.
d. The cell can replicate rapidly.
a. The cell can be destroyed.
In the autoimmune disease myasthenia gravis, the attachment of autoantibodies to the ACH receptor results in what effect?
a. Muscle strength improvement
b. Increased energy production
c. Muscle weakness
d. Increased neurotransmitter production
c. Muscle weakness.
In Graves Disease, where antibodies are produced against the receptor for TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone), what is the major effect on the thyroid function?
a. Reduced thyroid hormone production
b. Normal thyroid function
c. Hyperthyroidism
d. Hypothyroidism
c. Hyperthyroidism.
Which mechanism can lead to the formation of the membrane attack complex and cell lysis?
A) Coating of the cell surface by antibodies
B) Activation of the classical pathway of complement
C) Opsonization of the cells by phagocytes
D) Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)
B) Activation of the classical pathway of complement
How can opsonization and subsequent phagocytosis of cells occur?
A) Binding of IgG antibody to its corresponding antigen on the target cell
B) Binding of cell surface C3b to complement receptors on phagocytic cells
C) Coating of the cell surface by antibodies
D) Activation of the classical pathway of complement
B) Binding of cell surface C3b to complement receptors on phagocytic cells.
Which mechanism involves the binding of IgG antibody to its corresponding antigen on the target cell and to Fc receptors on macrophages or natural killer cells?
A) Activation of the classical pathway of complement
B) Coating of the cell surface by antibodies
C) Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)
D) Opsonization of the cells by phagocytes
C) Antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC)
Which of the following conditions is primarily associated with the destruction of cells by type II hypersensitivity?
A) Influenza infection
B) Allergic rhinitis
C) Blood transfusion reactions, hemolytic anemia
D) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
C) Blood transfusion reactions, hemolytic anemia
Which factor determines the temperature at which an antibody is most active in a transfusion reaction?
A) The plasma concentration of the antibody
B) The immunoglobulin class involved
C) The extent of complement activation
D) The density of the antigen on the RBC
B) The immunoglobulin class involved
In transfusion reactions, why can a reaction occurring only below 30°C be disregarded?
A) Antibodies are inactive at lower temperatures
B) Antigen-antibody complexes are more stable at lower temperatures
C) Complement activation is less effective at lower temperatures
D) RBCs are less affected at lower temperatures
B) Antigen-antibody complexes are more stable at lower temperatures
What factor affects the plasma concentration of antibodies in transfusion reactions?
A) The temperature of the reaction
B) The immunoglobulin class involved
C) The extent of complement activation
D) The number of RBCs transfused
D) The number of RBCs transfused
Which of the following factors contributes to the extent of complement activation in a transfusion reaction?
A) The temperature at which the antibody is most active
B) The plasma concentration of the antibody
C) The immunoglobulin class involved
D) The density of the antigen on the RBC
A) The temperature at which the antibody is most active
In transfusion reactions, what does the density of the antigen on the RBC affect?
A) The temperature at which the antibody is most active
B) The plasma concentration of the antibody
C) The immunoglobulin class involved
D) The extent of complement activation
D) The extent of complement activation
Which factor influences the number of RBCs transfused in a transfusion reaction?
A) The temperature at which the antibody is most active
B) The plasma concentration of the antibody
C) The immunoglobulin class involved
D) The extent of complement activation
B) The plasma concentration of the antibody
Which factor does a transfusion reaction primarily depend on?
A) The density of the antigen on the RBC
B) The age of the recipient
C) The temperature of the blood
D) The donor’s blood type
A) The density of the antigen on the RBC
