Type 2 Diabetes

Question 1

Definition

Answer 1

A metabolic disorder resulting in excessive levels of glucose in the bloodstream.

Question 2

Mechanism

Answer 2

Cells become insulin-resistant, meaning that their receptors do not recognise insulins, thus inhibiting the entry of glucose into cells. Glucose consequently remains in the bloodstream.

Question 3

Effects

Answer 3

Excessive levels of glucose in the bloodstream translate to eventual damage to macro and micro blood vessels and to beta cells as they are required to work extra hard. Once beta cells are overly damaged, they are no longer able to produce sufficient insulin to overcome insulin-resistance.

Question 4

Pancreas

Answer 4

Contains beta cells that produce insulin and alpha ells that produce glucagon.

Question 5

Factors predisposing an individual to Type 2 Diabetes?

Answer 5

1. Sedentary lifestyle
2. Obesity
3. Genetic predisposition
4. Certain ethnicities
5. Certain medications

Question 6

Health complications (Long-term)

Answer 6

Hyperglycemia over extended time periods can potentially cause:

• Diabetic retinopathy (vision loss and blindness) as small blood vessels in the back of the eye become damaged
• Vascular complications leading to heart failure.
• Constant thirst and urination leading to kidney failure
• Infection in legs and feet due to poor circulation.

Question 7

Treatment (Non-medication)

Answer 7

• minimise carbohydrates intake

* Increase exercise levels

Question 8

Hyperglycemia

Answer 8

High blood glucose sugar

Question 9

Symptoms

Answer 9

• Fatigue
• Dry mouth
• Glycosuria (presence of reducing sugars in urine)
• Polyuria (excessive urination)