Type 1 Diabetes Flashcards
What is the the only form of energy the brain can use?
can only use glucose (not fat or protein)
–hypoglycemia can damage brain
What is the first that happens to glucose when it enters a cell?
converted to Glucose 6-phosphate by Hexokinase
–traps it in the cell
What is the normal blood glucose a couple hours after a meal?
65-110 mg/dL
how fast is free glucose and glycogen used up for energy?
15-20 hours (3 hours in a marathon race)
then fatty acids are used
What are the 2 phases of insulin release? what happens in T1DM?
phase 1: preformed insulin vesicles
phase 2: insulin is produced
T1DM: lose phase 1 of insulin response
Does Type 2 DM happen before or after the insulin receptor?
post insulin receptor
What is the affinity of GLUT 1 for glucose and where is it located?
high affinity
all tissue including brain
What is the affinity of GLUT 2 for glucose and where is it located?
lower affinity
only in liver, kidneys, small intestine
What is the affinity of GLUT 3 for glucose and where is it located?
Highest affinity
Present everywhere but mainly in CNS
What is the histologic appearance of Type 1 DM?
lymphocytic infiltration + destruction of insulin-secreting beta cells of islets of Langerhans
after 80-90% = hyperglycemia develops = DM dx’d
What is insulinitis?
inflammation of islet cells (Beta cells are preferentially damaged)
what chromosome are the genes for Diabetes 1 located on?
chromosome 6, HLA region
What are some viruses and Toxic agents a/w T1DM?
viruses: Mumps, rubella, coxsackie
toxic agents: vacor, Cyanide (cassava root)
What other syndrome is Anti-GAD abs a/w?
stiff person syndrome (stiff muscles, need muscle relaxants)
what disease can a little bit of insulin avoid?
ketoacidosis
