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Endocrine 2 > Normal Pancreatic Endocrine Histology and Biochemistry > Flashcards

Normal Pancreatic Endocrine Histology and Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 cells in the Pancrease Exocrine system? what are produced by each?

A

Acinar, Duct, Goblet
Acinar - Digestive Enzymes
Duct - Bicarbonate, Proteoglycans
Acinar, Duct, Goblet - Mucin

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2
Q

What is the role of GLUT1 transporter?

A

Basal glucose uptake

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3
Q

What is the role of GLUT2 transporter?

A

important IMMEDIATELY AFTER A MEAL

-removal of excess glucose from blood, in pancrease, regulates insulin release

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4
Q

What is the role of GLUT4 transporters?

A

channels are moved to membrane after cell response to insulin (skeletal muscles, liver) - replentish glycogen stores

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5
Q

What is the role of SUR - sulfonylurea receptors in Insulin secretion?

A

Beta cells
SUR channels are closed by ATP, blocking K export
this depolarizes the cell and opens calcium channels - this causes insulin secretion

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6
Q

How does Tolbutamide (sulfonylurea) work?

A

closes SUR K channels = treat type 2 NOT type 1 DM

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7
Q

What does Diazoxide do?

A

inhibits secretion of insulin by keeping K channels open

used in insulinomas

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8
Q

Why does oral glucose cause a greater spike in insulin than IV glucose?

A

GLP-1 and GIP

“incretins”

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9
Q

How do M3R and a2aAR receptors affect insulin release?

A

M3R - muscarinic, cholinergic/acetylcholine receptor increase insuline

a2aAR - adrenergic - decrease insulin

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10
Q

How does epinephrine affect insulin secretion?

A

binds to a2 receptors

protects against muscle and adipose (GLUT4) uptake of glucose = hypoglycemia during fight or flight

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11
Q

How is acetylcholine involved with insulin response?

A

a-cell releases acetylcholine to sensitize b-cells to glucose

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12
Q

What is GRPAD?

A

Free fatty acid receptor-1
FFA stimulate insulin rescretion directly through GRPAD

high blood glucose = shown to stimulate FFA transcription

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13
Q

How are a-cells activated in low glucose?

A

glucose still flows through GLUT-1 in low glucose
a-cells have T-TYPE Ca channels = more sensitive and open to slight depolarization

Na channels respond
open L/N-type Ca channels
stimulate glucagon secretion

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14
Q

Why dont a-cell secrete glucagon at all glucose levels?

A

paracrine signals that suppress glucagon secretion

  1. insulin
  2. Zn2+
  3. Somatostatin
  4. GLP1
  5. GABA
  6. Glucagon
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15
Q

What are paracrine signals that stimulate glucagon secretion?

A
  1. Epinephrine
  2. Alanine
  3. Arginine
  4. Glycine
  5. Glutamate
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16
Q

what causes somatostatin secretion?

A 
food intake (glucose, amino acids)
-produced in GI tract, hypothalamus,
17
Q

What is the difference between SS-28 and SS-14?

A

SS-14:

  1. produced in Nervous System, Pancrease
  2. inhibit Glucagon

SS-28:

  1. stomach, intestinal tract secretes mostly SS-28
  2. inhibit Growth Hormone

Endocrine 2 (17 decks)

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