Type 1 Diabetes

Question 1

What is the definition of type 1 diabetes?

Answer 1

Blood glucose is too high and over years leads to damage of small and large blood vessels causing premature death from CVD

Question 2

What is the presentation of type 1 diabetes?

Answer 2

Polyuria
Polydypsia
Weight loss
Tiredness
Polyphagia

Question 3

What is the cause of type 1 diabetes?

Answer 3

Autoimmune

Question 4

What is the pathophysiology of type 1 diabetes?

Answer 4

Antibodies attack beta cells in the pancreas, destroying them so they no longer produce insulin

Question 5

Why might some patients still secrete insulin?

Answer 5

for the forst 3-5 years after diagnosis they may still secrete insulin as not all of the beta cells have been destroyed yet

Question 6

What are the investigations for type 1 diabetes?

Answer 6

Blood glucose test
C-peptide test further down the line
GADA tested

Question 7

What is the management for type 1 diabetes?

Answer 7

Insulin
Glucose monitoring
Weight loss
Diet changes - e.g. carbs with every meal

Question 8

What are the complications of type 1 diabetes?

Answer 8

DKA
Hypoglycaemia
Retinopathy
Kidney disease
Neuropathy
CVD
Lipodystrophy

Question 9

What are the types of insulin?

Answer 9

Short acting
Intermediate or long-acting
Long-acting analogue
Rapid-acting analogue

Question 10

What is a basal bolus regime?

Answer 10

Long acting and then short acting with meals