Tx for Electrolyte Imbalances

Question 1

Treatment for hypokalemia

Answer 1

Replace with 40 mEq of potassium per liter IV
10 – 12 milliequivalent potassium per liter
Correct alkalosis

Question 2

Treatment for hyperkalemia

Answer 2

Calcium gluconate
Sodium bicarbonate
Regular insulin
Glucose
Kayexalate Plus sorbitol
Lasix
Dialysis

Question 3

Treatment for hyponatremia

Answer 3

Normal saline 0.9%
If severe symptoms use normal saline 3% or 5% and give slowly.
Raise sodium levels no more then 12 mEq per liter in 24 hours.
If given to fast demyelination of the CNS Will occur.

Question 4

Treatment for hypernatremia

Answer 4

Correct blood volume deficit.

D5 W slowly until symptoms are relieved

Question 5

Treatment for hypocalcemia

Answer 5

Seizure precautions
Airway precautions
1 to 3 g calcium gluconate given in 100 ML’s D5 W

Question 6

Treatment for hypercalcemia

Answer 6

Force diuresis with normal saline 3 to 5 L per day.
After volume expansion give Lasix 40 to 200 mg per day to increase renal excretion of calcium.
Potassium and magnesium supplements.
Calcitonin.
Give oral phosphates to patients with a serum phosphate level less than 1.2

Question 7

Treatment for treatment for hypomagnesemia

Answer 7

Give magnesium 1–2 grams in 5200 ML’s of D5W over 30 to 60 minute.
Be aware of that hypocalcemia worsens the signs and symptoms of decreased magnesium.
Seizure precautions. Give benzodiazepine seizure.

Question 8

Treatment for hypermagnesemia

Answer 8

Withhold magnesium.
Give a normal saline with lasix one mg per kilogram, calcium chloride 500 to 1000 mg IV period
Glucose plus insulin.
Hemodialysis.

Question 9

Treatment for decreased phosphate

Answer 9

Give phosphate as 24mM over 6 hours or 36mM over eight hours.
Caution of inducing hypocalcemia.

Question 10

Treatment for increased phosphate

Answer 10

Withhold magnesium.
Give a normal saline with Lasix one mg per kilogram, calcium chloride 500 to 1000 mg IV slowly period
Glucose Plus insulin.
Hemodialysis.