two

Question 1

what is the retina

Answer 1

-a group of cells that are responsive to the photons of light coming through the the lens
-ion channels are triggered by the photons of light in the rods and cones

Question 2

what is ipRGC

Answer 2

intrinsically photo-sensitive rcg
-connected to the superchiasmatic nucleus
-critical for entraining circadian rhythms
-trigger production of cortisol in day and melatonin at night

Question 3

what are cones

Answer 3

-phototopic
-high accuracy (sharpness)
-colour vision in good illumination

Question 4

what are rods

Answer 4

-scotopic
-work better in low light
-peripheral visions better in low light as there is more cones in outer of the eye

Question 5

synaptic transmission

Answer 5

-molecules or neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft and bind to the receptors
-vesicle fuse w the membrane and release the neurotransmitter

Question 6

low convergence

Answer 6

-cones have lower convergence hence why vision is better through them
-1:1 ratio

Question 7

high convergence

Answer 7

-rods have a higher convergence which is why vision is worse as there are many rods connected
-one RGC to five BPC and five cones

Question 8

IPSP

Answer 8

inhibitory postsynaptic potential
-hyper polarisation of the cell
-K+ out of the cell
-amacrine cell release GABA

Question 9

what is simultaneous contrast

Answer 9

-lateral inhibition-opponent process
-where you have a strong activation in the surrounding region, cells activate and amacrine cell activate, makes the surrounding look darker

Question 10

what are the match band theory

Answer 10

-higher activation in the list area produces stronger inhibition across the plane of the retina
-easier to tell the difference between the light shades of a colour that then dark shades

Question 11

what is monochromatic

Answer 11

-no blues, red, green
-snakes + rats

Question 12

what is dichromatic

Answer 12

-only blue and green
-cats and dog

Question 13

what is trichromatic

Answer 13

-blue, green and red
-humans

Question 14

what is colour afterimage

Answer 14

-opponent theory
-competition from receptors of different colours
-colour afterimage is the bounce back of the opposing system after is has been inhibited

Question 15

what colours does colour afterimage effect

Answer 15

-blue<—–>yellow
-red and green are not exact inhibitors of each other
-why some colours we never see, reddygreen and yellowish blue