eight Flashcards
mild dementia
-confusion and memory loss
-problem with routine tasks
moderate dementia
-not recognising fam and friend
-wandering and pacing
serve dementia
loss of speech
-loss of weight/appetite
-loss bladder/bowel control
-dependance on caregiver
SVF
phonemic and semantic verbal fluency test
-logitundinal change in SVF
-individuals in alzhiemers group decayed faster
-primary risk factor is age:
-double each year after 65
-20% prevalence at 85
donanedab (2023)
-amyloid plaque in the Brians of 4 patients is early stages of dementia
-amyliod clumps start to effect the neurons celll synapse
nFT
neurofibrally fibres tangles
-within the tau portion
-nft appear initially on transitory (peripheral) cortex, then in neighbouring regions
braak stages
-first stages of Alzheimer
-see NFT s right outside hippocampus
-as develops see more inside hippocampus
brain changes in alzheimers
-extreme shrinkage us cerebral cortx
-extreme shrinkages of hippocmapus
-servely enlarged ventricles
APOE4 gene variation
2,3,4
-produce slightly diffenrt from of the APOE gene
-one E4 confers, 2-3x high risk
-two E4 confers, 5-8x higher risk
-can develop dementia younger than typically with APOE4 present
APOE4 AND THE BBB
-bbb seperates circulation from the Brian
-tight junctions are crucial
- APOE leads to accelerated BBB breakdown and degeneration of brain capillary pericytes that maintain BBB integrity in humans
2 main changes on dementia/alzhiemers
-NFTs
-PLAQUES (clumps of protein beta amalyoid) sit in tissue outside cells
how can alzeihmers be treated idea
-by cholinesterase inhibitors, gives actelyoline extra time to transmit messages
-slower progression of disease
the nun study
-all nuns have similar life style and exposed to same toxins
-having early education inline prevents against disease
higher idea density in early life are associated with
intact cognition in late life despite the presence of AD leisions
