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Music 101- southern union > twentieth century > Flashcards

twentieth century Flashcards

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1
Q

rapid slide up or down a scale

A

glissando

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2
Q

using the wood of bow instead of hair on a violin

A

col lento

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3
Q

combination of 2 chords sounded at the same time

A

Polychord

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4
Q

approach to pitch organization using 2 or more keys at one time

A

Polytonality

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5
Q

absence of tonality, or key

A

Atonality

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6
Q

use of 2 or more contrasting or independent rhythms at the same time, often found in music after 1900

A

Polyrhythm

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7
Q

motive or phrase that is repeated persistently at the same pitch

A

Ostinato

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8
Q

scale made up of 5 different tones, used in folk music and music of the far east

A

Pentatonic scale

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9
Q

scale made up of 6 different tones, each a whole step away from the next, that conveys no definite sense of tonality; often found in the music of Debussy and his followers

A

Whole-tone scale

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10
Q

In German, speech-voice; a style

A

Sprechstimme

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11
Q

Method of composing in which all pitches of a composition are derived from a special ordering of the twelve chromatic tones (tone row or set); developed by Schoenberg in the early 1920s

A

Twelve-tone system

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12
Q

particular ordering of the 12 chromatic tones, from which all pitches in a 12-tone composition are derived

A

tone row

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13
Q
  1. In jazz, a pattern in which one voice or instrument is answered by another voice, instrument, or group of instruments 2. Performance style in which the phrases of
A

call and response

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14
Q

creation of music at the same time as it is performed

A

improvisation

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15
Q

– jazz style that was developed in the 1920s and flourished between 1935 and 1945, played mainly by “big bands”; also, verb for what jazz performers do when they combine a steady beat and precision with a lilt, a sense of relaxation, and vitality

A

swing

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16
Q

in vocal blues and jazz, a harmonic framework that is 12 bars in length, usually involving only 3 basic chords: tonic (I), subdominant (IV), and dominant (V)

A

12 bar blues

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17
Q

In New Orleans or Dixieland jazz, the group of melodic instruments that improvise on a melody, supported by the rhythm section

A

front line

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18
Q

Vocalization of a melodic line with nonsense syllables, used in jazz

A

scat singing

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19
Q

– typically, a large band made up of 14 or 15 musicians grouped in 3 sections: saxophones, brasses, and rhythm.

A

swing band

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20
Q

What are the characteristics of following styles of music impressionism

A

stress on tone color, atmosphere, and fluidity.

21
Q

What are the characteristics of following styles of music Neoclassicism

A

marked by emotional restraint, balance, and clarity; uses musical forms and stylistic features of earlier period (particularly 18th century); “Back to Bach”

22
Q

What are the characteristics of following styles of music Primitivism

A

deliberate evocation of primitive power through insistent rhythms and percussive sounds

23
Q

What are the characteristics of following styles of music expressionism

A

expresses intense, subjective emotions. Uses distortion to shock the audience

24
Q

What are the characteristics of following styles of music ragtime

A

piano music in duple meter; syncopated melody with a “oom-pah” accompaniment (stride piano)

25
Q

What are the characteristics of following styles of music blues

A

lyric and musical phrase a a’ b; harmonic structure based on the 12-bars blues; baroque ground bass

26
Q

What are the characteristics of following styles of music New Orleans (or Dixieland)

A

often based on a march or church melody, ragtime tunes, popular songs, or 12-bar blues

27
Q

What are the characteristics of following styles of music swing

A

arranged music, big bands, saxophone became the leading solo instrument, percussionists had a more prominent role, developed in 1920s and flourished through 1940s

28
Q

What are the characteristics of following styles of music musical theatre

A

2 acts, 2nd act is shorter, songs usually AABA (verse and chorus); more spoken dialogue, more collaborative, and simpler harmonies, melodies, and form than the opera. Operetta or comic opera

29
Q

Describe the characteristics of 20th century “classical” music: tone color, melody and harmony, rhythm

A

a. Tone color: woodwinds, percussion, played at extreme ranges
b. Melody: unpredictable and not based on major/minor tonalities
c. Harmony: no distinction between consonance and dissonance, altering tonal systems
d. Rhythm: increasing emphasis on rhythmic irregularity, changing meter, polyrhythm, and ostinato

30
Q

Describe the characteristics of jazz music

A

e. Blended elements from African, American, and European culture. Truly American music. Based on call and response

31
Q

French composer; won the Prix de Rome; influenced by impressionistic painters and poets

A

Claude Debussy

32
Q

Inventor of scat singing; trumpet player and vocalist

A

Louis armstrong

33
Q

American composer who became a successful insurance salesman

A

Charles ives

34
Q

Most important swing-band composer, arranger and conductor; piano player and vocalist; attributed with creating the “3-minute song”

A

duke Ellington

35
Q

Russian composer; world’s greatest 20th century composer; immigrated to the US; composed a ballet that caused a riot when it was first performed in Paris; composed in a neoclassic style

A

Igor Stravinsky

36
Q

Austrian composer; invented the 12-tone tonal system; immigrated to the US

A

Arnold schoenburg

37
Q

king of ragtime

A

Scott Joplin

38
Q

American composer who composed quintessential American music

A

Aaron Copland

39
Q

empress of blues

A

bessie smith

40
Q

American conductor, pianist, composer; wrote theater music

A

Leonard Bernstein

41
Q

American composer who wrote both classical concert and popular music; concert pieces include Rhapsody in Blue, An American in Paris and Porgy and Bess; died at 38

A

George Gershwin

42
Q

The most popular American composer of film music

A

John williams

43
Q

rite of spring

A

Igor Stravinsky

44
Q

moonstruck pierrot

A

Arnold schoenburg

45
Q

a survivor from Warsaw

A

Arnold schoenburg

46
Q

Appalachian spring

A

Aaron Copland

47
Q

rhapsody in blue

A

George Gershwin

48
Q

west side story- tonight and America-

A

Leonard Bernstein

49
Q

Harry Potter

A

John williams

Music 101- southern union (5 decks)

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