test one Flashcards
the difference between music and noise
Music is organized sound over a period of time. Noise is irregular vibrations like cymbals, knocking, clapping.
the difference between hearing and listening
hearing is the drone of a person’s voice; background music. Listening is internalizing what you are hearing; comprehending.
interval
distance in pitch between any two notes that a given voice or instrument can produce
range
distance between the highest and lowest notes of a melody
dynamics
degrees of loudness or softness in music
dynamics
pianissimo, piano, mezzo piano, mezzo forte, forte, fortissimo, diminuendo, crescendo
pianissimo
very soft (pp)
piano
soft (p)
mezzo piano
moderately soft (mp)
mezzo forte
moderately loud (mf)
forte
loud (f)
fortissimo
very loud (ff)
diminuendo
gradually softer (ppp) (pppp) >
crescendo
gradually louder (fff) (ffff)
accent
emphasis of a note; it is obviously played louder than those around it
articulation
specifies how individual notes are to be performed within a phrase or passage
staccato
when you sing or play the note shorter than noted, detached
legato
smooth, connected manner of performing a melody
tone color or timbre
quality of sound that distinguishes one instrument or voice from another
melody
is a series of single pitches that add up to a recognizable whole
rhythm
short and long sounds and silences; compromised of beat, meter, syncopation, and tempo
harmony
how chords are constructed and how they follow each other
major
music based on a major scale; has a bright and happy feeling to the sound of music
minor
music based on a minor scale; has a dark, heavy, tense sound of music
consonance
tone combination that is stable and restful
dissonance
tone combination that is unstable and tense, may sound harsh
texture
how many different layers of sound you hear
tempo
the speed of the beat; basic pace
timbre or tone quality
what you hear at once
chord
a group of simultaneous sounding pitches whereas melody is a series of individual tones heard one after another
consonant
chord feels stable or at rest
dissonant
chord has tension, might sound harsh, wants to find resolution
beat
the regular, recurring pulse that divides music into equal units of time (that which you may tap your foot to or dance to)
meter
the organization of beats through time. It is grouped into patters of two or three
duple meter
2 or 4 beats
triple meter
3 beats
downbeat
the strongest beat of the measure
measure
rhythmic group set off by bar lines, containing a fixed number of beats
cadence
a sense of conclusion; resting place at the end of a phrase in a melody
Syncopation
causing the beat to bd thrown off; when a weak beat (or offbeat) is emphasized
tempo
basic pace of music
adagi, lento, largo
slow tempo markings
andante, moderato
moderate tempo markings
allegro, vivace, presto
fast tempo markings
accelerando
gradually faster
ritardando
gradually slower
rubato
a give and take of time
monophony
typically means a single vocal melody but could mean a single melody on an instrument of one kind or another
homophony
means music with multiple parts generally moving in the same rhythm. could also be represented by a melody with accompaniment
polyphony
means music with more than one part, somewhat like a round
musical form (ternary, binary)
refers to the overall structure or plan of a piece of music; it describes the layout of a composition as dividend into sections
ternary
consisting of three sections ABA
binary
consisting of two sections AB
Pitch is noted on a _ which creates a _
STAFF; melody
conductor
the person who direct the choir, band, or orchestra, who coordinates the performers and shapes the interpretation of a muscial compostion
concertmaster
principal first violinist in a symphony orchestra, plays solo violin passages and coordinates the bowing of string instruments; the second most important person in the orchestra
- Name the 4 orchestra families and 4 instruments that belong to that family. List the instruments from highest to lowest pitch.
strings, woodwinds, brass, percussion
strings
violin, viola, cello, string bass, harp
woodwinds
piccolo, flute, oboe, English horn, clarinet, bassoon
brass
trumpet, French horn, trombone, tuba
percussion
instruments that are hit, shaken, or scraped- like timpani, snare drum, bass drum, cymbals; bells marimba
human voice parts in order from highest to lowest
female - soprano, alto male- tenor, bass
