Classical Period Flashcards
played by soloist and orchestra
concerto
a form of chamber music
string quartet
played by two violins, viola, and cello
string quartet
highly developed by beethoven
symphony, string quartet, sonata, concerto
developed by Haydn
symphony and string quartet
played by a solo instrument
sonata
played by the entire orchestra
symphony
Beethoven wrote 32 famous ones including the “Moonlight” and the “Pathetique”
sonata
has a trill played by the soloist to let the orchestra know when it is time for them to play again
concerto
contains a cadenza
concerto
symphony No. 40 in G minor, K. 550
Mozart
Eine kleine Nachtmusik
Mozart
String Quartet in C Minor, Op. 18, No.4
Beethoven
trumpet Concerto in E Flat Major
haydn
don Giovanni
Mozart
paino concerto No. 23 in a major
Mozart
dies ire from Requiem in D Minor
Mozart
piano sonata in C Minor, Op 13
Beethoven
. In classical music, is the texture basically polyphonic or basically homophonic?
homophonic
. What is the difference in the treatment of dynamics in the Baroque Period and Classical Period?
Baroque—terraced; Classical—gradual or sudden
what does cosmopolitan mean
National differences were minimized and travel increased throughout Europe
Who were two of the pre-classical composers?
CPE Bach and JC Bach
Describe a typical Classical Orchestra. Why is that different than a Baroque Orchestra?
Baroque Orchestra could vary from piece to piece and may utilize a basso continuo
Classical Orchestra become much more standard using the four families of strings, woodwinds (in pairs), brass (in pairs) and timpani
Describe the audience Classical music would have been composed for.
Professional and amateur performers
Franz Joseph Haydn is known as ___
the father of symphony
How many symphonies did Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven write?
104 Haydn Mozart 40 Beethoven 9
Who did Haydn work for and why?
Esterhazy’s; he was the court musician
What were the nick-names of some of Haydn’s symphonies?
Surprise, Clock, Military, Drum Roll
How many movements are typically in a symphony? Describe them.
4; 1st movement–fast and in sonata allegro form; 2nd movement—slow and lyrical; 3rd movement—dance-like usually in minuet and trio or scherzo form; 4th movement—fast and in sonata allegro form
What is a coda?
an extra ending
What is a cadenza?
A virtuosic, sometimes improvised, section at the close of a concerto before the coda; a trill signals the end
What handicap did Beethoven have to struggle with?
deafness
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart began his career as a
child prodigy
Which composer bridged the Classical and Romantic periods?
Beethoven
What are the dates of the Classical period?
1750-1820
A string quartet consists of what group of instruments
Two violins, viola, cello
Mozart died while composing what piece of music?
Requiem in D minor
What is a Requiem?
a mass for the dead
What does the K. stand for in Mozart’s compositions?
Köchel—he categorized his works and they are numbered approximately chronologically
What is The Creation and who wrote it?
Oratorio/Haydn
How did Haydn’s Surprise Symphony earn its nickname?
Quick loud bursts of sound
Describe Beethoven’s temperament.
fiery and contentious
What is unusual about the 4th movement of Beethoven’s 9th symphony?
it includes a chorus
Who developed the scherzo; what movement did it replace; what are its characteristics?
Beethoven; minuet and trio; Characterized by rapid movement and rhythmic drive
Mozart’s childhood
first child prodigy, terrible money manager, prolific composer, master of opera, by 6 years old he could play the harpsichord and violin
Beethoven’s childhood
rough childhood, dad was an alcoholic by 12 he was a court organist, publishing music, and supporting his family, temperamental personality, began to go deaf at age 29, rebelled social convention, played for Mozart, worked years on symphony’s, carried a notebook to sketch new ideas
Haydn’s childhood
choirboy at St. Stephen’s Cathedral, court musician for the Esterhazy’s , moved to London in 1971,
Structure can be expressed A B A C A.
rondo
Structure takes a main tune and changes it in a variety of ways.
theme and variations
Structure has a main idea that is used several times with new unrelated material between the repeats.
rondo
Structure that contains Exposition, Development, Recap. and Coda.
sonata form
Structure takes a main tune and changes it in a variety of ways.
theme and variations
Structure presents Theme 1, Theme 2 then develops them and returns to the opening material.
sonata form
compare baroque and classical unity of mood
classical - fluctuate in mood, mood may change gradually or suddenly
baroque - single emotion
compare baroque and classical rhythm
classical - unexpected pauses, syncopations, frequent changes
baroque - few patterns, sense of continuity
compare baroque and classical texture
classical - homophonic
baroque - polyphonic
compare baroque and classical melody/harmony
classical - tuneful, easy to remember, sound balanced
baroque - less symmetrical, more elaborate, and harder to sing
compare baroque and classical dynamics
classical - gradual dynamic change - crescendo or decrescendo
baroque - terraced dynamics
