Tutorial 3: Sustaining & Disruptive Innovation

Question 1

Closed vs open innovation

Answer 1

• “Open Innovation refers to an innovation regime in which an organization opens its innovation processes for both an inflow and an outflow of ideas to external parties.” (Chesbrough 2006)
• Closed only in the funnel

Question 2

Outsourcing vs crowdsourcing

Answer 2

• Outsourcing is a composition of the words outside, resource and using. That means that execution of certain in-house tasks arecompletely transfered to one or several external companies for a certain period of time based on the contractual Service Agreements” (Krcmar 2015)
• “Simply defined, crowdsourcing represents the act of a company or institution taking a function once performed by employees and outsourcing it to an undefined (and generally large) network of people in the form of an open call.” (Howe 2006)

Question 3

Participatory Budgeting / “Bürgerhaushalt”

Answer 3

• Opportunities for the government?
• Challenges?
• How to face challenges?