Tutorial 2 Flashcards
Agile Development
A group of methodologies that use incremental changes with a focus
on quality and attention to detail. Agile methodologies emphasize collaboration, flexibility,
and iterative development cycles
Compiler
A software tool that converts a programmer’s source code into machine
language so it can be executed/run on a computer
Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE)
A set of tools that allow a designer to
develop software with little or no programming. CASE tools generate quality code based on
input created by the designer
Cross-Platform Development
The process of building a mobile application that works on
both iOS and Android operating systems. It involves using third-party toolkits to convert code
into formats suitable for multiple platforms
Direct Cutover
A system implementation method where the old system is immediately
replaced with the new system on a predetermined date. This approach is the fastest but also
the riskiest
End-User Development
A phenomenon where non-IT department employees develop
their own department-specific applications using tools like spreadsheets and database
software
Feasibility Analysis
A process that assesses whether a proposed project is viable from
different perspectives, such as financial, operational, and technical feasibility
Generations of Programming Languages
Programming languages have evolved from
machine code (first-generation) to assembly languages (second-generation), high-level
languages like BASIC and C (third-generation), and specialized, intuitive languages like SQL
and SPSS (fourth-generation)
Joint Application Development (JAD)
A methodology that involves the client or end-user
in the design and development of an application through a series of collaborative workshops
Lean Methodology
A methodology focused on developing a Minimum Viable Product
(MVP) and iteratively improving it based on user feedback, allowing businesses to refine
their product efficiently
Mobile App Development
The process of creating applications specifically for mobile
devices, considering factors such as component technologies, user interface design, and
platform compatibility
Parallel Implementation
An implementation strategy where the old and new systems run
simultaneously for a period to ensure a smooth transition. It is the least risky but also the
most expensive approach
Phased Implementation
A system implementation method where different parts of a new
application are gradually introduced while corresponding parts of the old system are
deactivated
Systems Development Life-Cycle
- Preliminary Analysis
- Systems Analysis
- Systems Design
- Programming &Testing
- Systems Implementation
- Systems Maintenance
Systems Development Life-Cycle => 1. Preliminary Analysis
Problem Definition Scope and Objectives Data Gathering Risk Assessment Feasibility Analysis
Systems Development Life-Cycle => 2. Systems Analysis
Data Gathering Systems Modelling User Requirements Definition
Systems Development Life-Cycle => 3. Systems Design
Make or Buy Decision Physical Systems Design Technical Design
Systems Development Life-Cycle => 4. Programming & Testing
Programming and testing Platform Implementation
Systems Development Life-Cycle =>
5. Systems Implementation
Use Training Data Conversion Systems Conversion Post-Implementation Review
Systems Development Life-Cycle => 6. Systems Maintenance
Fix system “bugs” system enhancement
Rapid Application Development
Focuses on quickly building a working model of the software,
getting feedback from users, and then using that
feedback to update the working model
Build vs. Buy (Advantages)
Involves choosing between developing software in-house or purchasing it externally.
Buying software is cheaper, faster, and pre-tested, but may lack uniqueness and require costly
customizations.
Building software allows for customization and differentiation but is
expensive and time-consuming. Even when buying, proper analysis is essential
Will Humans go the Way of Horses?
Will Humans go the Way of Horses?
- Technology & Job Displacement: Automation, AI, and robotics may replace human
labor, similar to how cars replaced horses.
- Opposing View: New jobs may emerge, and human interaction remains essential in
many fields.
- Economic Inequality: Automation could concentrate wealth, widening the gap
between rich and poor.
- Human Advantage: Unlike horses, people can adapt, own capital, vote, and
influence policies to stay relevant.
- Policy Response: Governments must invest in education, regulate automation,
and rethink economic structures.
- Future Outlook: Societies must prepare for a “labor-light” economy by ensuring
fair wealth distribution and redefining work
Frey and Osborne (2017)
⇒ analyze the impact of automation and computerization on employment
- Jobs involving routine, repetitive tasks are most susceptible
- Occupations requiring creativity, social intelligence, and complex
problem-solving are least likely to be
automated
=> The study highlights the need for reskilling, education reform, and policy
adaptation to mitigate job displacement
Challenges of Automation (Shackleton)
- Job Displacement – Routine and manual jobs may be eliminated, requiring workers
to reskill. - Income Inequality – High-skilled workers benefit more, widening the wage gap.
- Transition Costs – Governments and businesses must invest in retraining and
support programs.
Benefits of Automation (Shackleton)
- Increased Productivity – Automation enhances efficiency and economic output.
- New Job Creation – Emerging industries and roles in AI, robotics, and tech services.
- Improved Workplace Safety – Reduces human exposure to hazardous tasks.
