Tutorial 12 Flashcards
Benefits to testing child IQ in school settings? Drawbacks?
Benefits:
- Identification of children in need of assistance (on an individual level), ie. is there a learning disability
- Identify areas in need of improvement (from a class level)
- Used to stream kids into groups for more efficient learning
- Identify behavioural issues
Drawbacks:
- Children identified as ‘in need of assistance’ may impede that child’s confidence, or bias attitudes of those arounds them (ie. teacher expectancies meaning more is expected of certain kids)
- Self-fulfilling prophecy; if kids think they have low intelligence they may not believe in themselves
- May lead interpersonal difficulties (ie. between parent-teacher, between student-student, etc.)
- Financial cost of test
- Stress induced from the test itself
What is a specific phobia? What’re the symptoms someone may with a specific phobia may exhibit? How may these be maintained from a cognitive-behavioral perspective?
Specific phobia - intense anxiety in response to specific object or situation, causing significant distress
How are these maintained from a cognitive-behavioral - from an arachnophobia example:
1. see spider - register it as a threat (thought)
2. fear response - elevated HR/ BR/ big emotions (feelings)
3. avoidance - avoidance behavior as leaving the situation (behavior)
4. negative reinforcement - removal of negative feelings since situation has been left (feelings)
5. reinforcement of original maladaptive thought (1) that spiders are a threat which should evoke a fear response, perpetuating a positive-feedback cycle
Identify 3 approaches to psychotherapy and describe the underlying philosophy of the causes of psychological disorder from each perspective?
Humanistic (Rogers) - people being motivated towards growth (self-actualization). Encourages positive regard, empathy, genuineness. Problems are caused by blocked growth/ actualisation, goal is to promote growth through promotion of insight into current feelings. Provide space and guidance for client to undergo this process.
Psychoanalytic (Freud) - large appreciation for subconscious influence on the conscious mind: conflicts between unconscious desires (id) and morality (superego) causes psychological disorder. Treatment is addressed by bringing these unconscious conflicts to conscious awareness, and resolves it at the conscious level.
Cognitive-Behavioral (Beck, Ellis) - perception/ thinking influences emotions, which influences behavior, forming a cycle which may propagate psychological disorders. Disorder is learned maladaptive thought or behavioural patterns, which manifest and reciprocally influence eachother.
