Tuscany Flashcards
1
Q
What is the only DOCG in Tuscany who require the inclusion of Cabernet Sauvignon?
A
- Carmignano
2
Q
Which DOC is shared between Tuscany & Liguria?
A
- Colli di Luni
3
Q
Which river flow close to Chianti Rufina?
A
- Sieve River
4
Q
What Governo all’uso Toscano means on a bottle of Chianti DOCG?
A
- Partially dried grapes (or potentially fresh grapes or must) are added midway through fermentation, particularly if it is stuck
5
Q
What is the southernmost Chianti DOCG subzone?
A
- Colli Senesi
6
Q
Which of Chianti DOCG subzones have the longest aging requirements?
A
- Colli Fiorentini & Rufina (may not be released until September 1 of the year following the harvest)
7
Q
What is the name of the historic bottle of Chianti wines?
A
- Fiasco
8
Q
What is the two most important soils in Chianti Classico DOCG?
A
- Galestro = friable clay schist
- Alberese = hard calcareous marlstone
9
Q
What is the third soil seen in Chianti Classico?
A
- Macigno, a grayish-blue sandstone found in the south
10
Q
What is the minimum aging requirement of a Chianti Classico Gran Selezione?
A
- Total : 30 mt.
- Oak : ?
- Bottle : 3 mt.
11
Q
How is call a red/rosé Vin Santo?
A
- Vin Santo Occhio di Pernice
12
Q
Who produces the first labelled Brunello?
A
- Ferruccio Biondi-Santi (1865)
13
Q
True/False
Brunello di Montalcino DOCG must be bottle in a Bordelaise bottle with a cork stopper
A
- True
14
Q
What’s the name of the 100% syrah cuvée of Le Macchiole?
A
- Scrio
15
Q
What is the Primum Familia Vini?
A
- Primum Familiae Vini, also known as PFV, is an international association of some of the world’s finest wine producing families from France, Germany, Italy, Portugal and Spain, the “Leading Wine Families”.
16
Q
Can you name some producers member of PFV?
A
- Tenuta San Guido
- Antinori
-Joseph Drouhin - Symington
- Famille Perrin
- Pol Roger
- Egon Müller
-Vega Sicilia - Hugel
17
Q
What’s the name of Sangiovese in Vino Nobile di Montepulciano?
A
- Prugnolo Gentile
18
Q
What’s the name of Sangiovese in Brunello di Montalcino?
A
- Brunello
19
Q
What’s the grape variety in the Galatrona cuvée of Petrolo?
A
- 100% Merlot
20
Q
What are the UGA within Greve?
A
- Montefioralle
- Lamole
- Panzano
21
Q
What are the four historic villages of Chianti Classico?
A
- Greve
- Radda
- Gaiole
- Castellina
22
Q
In which UGA can we find the highest-elevation vineyard in Chianti Classico?
A
- Radda
23
Q
True or False ? Chianti Classico allow a 20% of white grape variety in their blend
A
- False, not authorized since 2006
- Banned from Chianti Classico in 2005
- Effective with 2006 vintage
24
Q
What is the minimum of Sangiovese in a Chianti Classico?
A
- 80%
25
Which year the production zone of Chianti was officially delimited?
- 1716
26
What are the four UGA located on the western side of Chianti Classico?
- San Casciano Val di Pesa
- San Donato in Poggio
- Castellina in Chianti
- Vagliagli
27
What are the four UGA located on the eastern side of Chianti Classico?
- Greve (with Montefioralle, Lamole, Panzano)
- Radda
- Gaiole
- Castelnuovo Berardenga
28
What is the minimum aging for Chianti Classico Annata?
- may not be released until October 1 of the year following the harvest
29
What is the minimum aging for Chianti Classico Riserva?
- min 24 months aging from January 1 of the year following the harvest, including 3 months in bottle
30
Who is producing Vigna del Sorbo Chianti Classico Gran Selezione?
- Fontodi
31
Who is producing Batàr? What is the blend?
- Querciabella
- 50/50 Chardonnay and Pinot Blanc (Gouges)
32
What is the first vintage of Sassicaia?
- 1968
33
What is the project of Gaja in Bolgheri?
- Ca’ Marcanda
34
Who owns Guado al Tasso project?
- Antinori
35
When IGT was created in Italy?
- 1992
36
When was created Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC?
- A subzone of Bolgheri since1994, official DOC since 2013
37
What is the sole DOCG in Tuscany for sweet wine?
- Elba Aleatico Passito (sweet red)
38
What is the minimum of Sangiovese for a Vino Nobile di Montepulciano?
- 70%
39
What is the minimum aging for Vino nobile di montepulciano?
- min 24 months aging from January 1 of the year following the harvest
40
Minimum aging for Vino nobile di Montepulciano Riserva ?
- Total : 36 mt.
- Oak : ?
- Bottle : 6 mt.
- min 36 months aging from January 1 of the year following the harvest, with 6 months in bottle
41
Where is located Avignonesi?
- Vino Nobile di Montepulciano (produces also super Tuscan)
42
What’s the river close to Firenze?
- Arno river
43
Castelnuovo dell’Abate, Sant’Angelo in Colle and Torrenieri are subzones of which DOCG?
- Brunello di Montalcino
44
What is the Brunellogate scandal?
- In 2008, Italy’s financial police sequestered whole batches of wines from several producers after their investigations had shown that these were not the mandatory 100% Brunello, but illegal blends which contained international varieties
45
What is the minimum aging for rosso di Montalcino?
- may not be released until September 1 of the year following the harvest
46
What is the minimum aging for Brunello di Montalcino?
- Total: 60 months
- Wood: 24 months
- Bottle: 4 months
47
What is the minimum aging for Brunello di Montalcino Riserva?
- Total: 72 months
- Wood: 24 months
- Bottle: 6 months
48
What grape variety is used for Masseto Toscana?
- 100% merlot
49
What are the main soils in Brunello di Montalcino?
- Galestro (north)
- Clay (south)
50
What is the most arid DOCG of Tuscany?
- Brunello di Montalcino
51
What is the minimum % of Sangiovese in a Chianti DOCG?
- 70%
52
Who create the modern Chianti formula? (sangiovese based with other red and white)
-Bettino Ricasoli (1870)
53
What was the most challenging vintage between 2013, 2014 and 2015 in Tuscany?
- 2014
- Cool and wet summer
54
Who produce prestige cuvée ; Camartina ?
- Querciabella
- Greve in Chianti
- Cab S 70 % + Sangiovese 30 %
55
Who produce prestige cuvée ; Le Pergole Torte ?
- Montevertine
- Radda in Chianti
- Sangioveto 100%
56
Who produce prestige cuvée ; Cepparello ?
- Isole e Olena
57
Who produce prestige cuvée ; Mormoreto – Lamaione – Luce – Giramonte ?
- Frescobaldi
- Each "Super Tuscan" listed is produced by a different estate controlled by the company
58
Who produce prestige cuvée ; Flaccianello della Pieve ?
- Fontodi
- Panzano in Chianti
- Sangiovese 100%
59
Who produce prestige cuvée ; Il Caberlot ?
- Il Camasciale
- 100 % Caberlot = Cabernet franc x Merlot
- Sold in Magnum size only
60
Who produce prestige cuvée : SummuS ?
- Banfi
- IGT Toscana
- Montalcino
- Cab S + Sangiovese + Syrah
61
Which grape varietal is localy known under ‘Morellino’ in Grosseto, Toscana ?
- Sangiovese
62
True or False ? Bolgheri DOC was founded in 1983, for whites and rosatos only.
- True
- Red wines of the area did not receive DOC status until 1994
63
In which Italian DOC do we find the commune of production : Castagneto Carducci ?
- Bolgheri & Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC
64
Which requires the longest aging before release : Brunello di Montalcino – Vino Nobile di Montepulciano Riserva ?
- Brunello di Montalcino
- Vino Nobile di Montepulciano Riserva = Min. 3 years aging, including at least 6 months in bottle, from January 1 of the year following the harvest
- Brunello: Minimum 2 years in wood plus 4 months in bottle, may not be sold before January 1 of the 5th year following the harvest
65
What is the minimum percentage of Sangiovese required in the Carmignano DOCG ?
- 50 %
66
What is the maximum percentage of Cabernet Sauvignon that can be included in a Chianti Classico wine ?
- 20 %
67
Between those vintages, which are excellent for Brunello di Montalcino : 90 – 92 – 95 – 96 – 97 ?
- 90
- 95
- 97
68
Which white varietals were included in the Chianti Classico recipe before the 90’s ?
- Trebbiano Toscano
- Malvasia
69
Main grape varietal of cuvée : Paleo Rosso from Le Macchiole ?
- Cabernet Franc 100%
- Toscana IGT
70
When was created the Toscana IGT ?
- 1992
71
Top vintage for Chianti between 2010 and 2020 ?
- 2016
- 2015
72
What varietals will you find in a 1968 San Felice's Vigorello bottle of wine ?
- Sangiovese 100 %
- Among the earliest monovarietal Chianti
73
1st vintage of Tignanello ?
- 1971
74
When Chianti was upgraded from a DOC to a DOCG ?
- 1984
75
When Chianti Classico was upgraded from a DOC to a DOCG ?
- 1996
- permitted monovarietal Sangiovese wines and increasingly higher percentages of French grapes.
* DOC in 1967
76
When the Chianti Classico Wine Consortium was created ?
- 1924
- Gallo Nero became the symbol
77
What is the Chianti Classico 2000 Project ?
- Initially designed by the Consorzio in 1987 to modernize viticulture in the region and improve the quality of future wines.
- A majority of the vineyards in the region were planted in the 1960s or 1970s, and needed to be replanted at the time the project was proposed
- Many producers were unaware of the origin of the clones planted in their own vineyards, and those clones tended to ripen unevenly, resulting in harsh tannins in the wines that either necessitated blending with international varieties or extended barrique aging to soften
78
Which is the southernmost commune in Chianti Classico ?
- Castelnuova Berardenga
79
What is the Corsican name for Mammolo (grapes sometimes used to blend with Sangiovese in Chianti) ?
- Sciacarello
80
In Chianti, speaking of 'Alberello', what do we refer to ?
- historic, untrellised bush-vine, or alberello, training.
- The replantings in Chianti Classico further coincided with a move toward higher-density vineyards, in addition to more widespread adoption of Guyot training, as opposed to the more historic, untrellised bush-vine, or alberello, training.
81
What is the country of origin of the traditional Slavionian oak botti ?
- Northern Balkan
- Mostly Croatia
82
In Chianti, speaking of 'Caratelli', what do we refer to ?
- Small barrels called caratelli.
- These vessels are traditionally 50 liters in size and fashioned from chestnut (or cherry, acacia, peach, and mulberry)
83
The Chianti Classico 2000 initiative favored which of the following traits in a Sangiovese clone ?
a. low tannin
b. tight clusters
c. thin skins
d. low yields
- d) low yields
84
Explain Goria's wine law.
- Creation of Toscana IGT
- 1992
- It represent the 2nd lowest tier of quality, after Vino da Tavola
-By the 1980s, some of Italy’s most high-quality, sought-after, and expensive wines were labeled merely as Vino da Tavola. Not only did this undermine the DOC/DOCG system at the time, but these winemakers were raking in the profits for these wineries without having to pay any of the fees required to obtain these higher-quality designations. Expensive wines making a mockery of the government’s wine regulation system, with the regulators making less money from them? Not an ideal situation for the Italian government.
- This was the impetus to create a new classification of wine, one that would fall between VdT and DOC, and when Giovanni Goria became the Italian minister of agriculture in the early 1990s, he set out to overhaul the system. Thus, the IGT, or Indicazione Geografica Tipica, designation was born under the 1992 Law 164, also known as Goria’s Law. This category of wine would allow producers to have more freedom than DOC and DOCG levels but would theoretically ensure a higher quality of wine than the relatively unregulated table wine category.
85
True or False ? For a Chianti Classico Gran Selezione wine, grapes must be harvested from exclusively estate fruit or long-term contract fruit.
- True
86
True or False ? For a Chianti Classico Gran Selezione wine, Sangiovese must account for 85% of the final wine, and be at least 12 % ABV.
- False
- 90 % minimum Sangiovese
- Authorized grapes : canaiolo, colorino, ciliegiolo, mammolo, pugnitello, malvasia nera, foglia tonda, sanforte
- N.B. In five years (2029), international grapes such as Merlot, Cab. S. and Syrah won't be authorized.
- Min ABV of 13%
87
True or false ? Chianti Classico wines must be sold in Bordeaux bottles.
- False
- Can be in a traditionnal Fiaschi bottle
88
What is going to be the minimum % of Sangiovese for Chianti Classico Gran Selezione from the 2027 vintage?
- 90%
89
What is the minimum % of Sangiovese for Chianti Classico?
- 80%
90
What does 'M.L.A.' means on older label of Ornellaia?
- M.L.A.
- Stands for : Marchese Lodovico Antinori
- Ornellaia founded in 1981
- 1st release in 1985
- Direct neighbor of Sassicaia
- Nowadays managed by the Frescobaldi's
91
How long a Brunello di Montalcino Riserva must be aged in bottle?
- 6 months
92
How long a Brunello di Montalcino must be aged in bottle?
- 4 months
93
Which soil type is found on higher elevation of Brunello di Montalcino?
- Galestro
- On lower elevation, you can find clay and marine sediments
94
What Bettino Ricasoli developed in Tuscany?
- inverted the typical blend by vinifying Sangiovese as the dominant variety, using the then more popular Canaiolo instead as an accessory.
- For younger-drinking wines, he also suggested a small addition of the white grape Malvasia Bianca Lunga.
- He shortened post-fermentation maceration periods and switched from using open-top to sealed fermentation vessels.
- He also advocated for lower vine-training systems.
- Additionally, Ricasoli transitioned his wines to Bordeaux-shaped bottles, preferring them to fiaschi
95
Can a producer make a Chianti DOCG within the bounds of Chianti Classico?
- No, forbidden since 2010
96
Since which vintage white grape varieties are prohibited entirely in Chianti Classico?
- 2005
97
Where is located Pomino DOC? What grape varieties a produced?
- it intersect Chianti Rùfina
- Pinot Nero, Merlot, Pinot Bianco, Chardonnay, and Sauvignon Blanc are favored
- Sangiovese is difficult to ripen
98
Which Chianti subzone encompasses Montalcino and Montepulciano?
- Chianti Colli Senesi
99
Where can we find the Conca d’Oro, a galestro-rich, south-facing concave slope?
- Panzano UGA (within Greve)
100
Before the mid-19th century, Montalcino was renowned for which style of wine?
- white Moscadello wines, both sparkling and sweet
101
In Montalcino, what is the ratio of Rosso, Brunello and Riserva?
- 4.5 million bottles of Rosso di Montalcino 33.33%
- 8 million bottles of Brunello 59.26%
- 1 million of Riserva 7,41%
102
Which DOCs follow the same boundaries as Brunello di Montalcino?
- Moscadello di Montalcino
- Sant’Antimo
103
In term of climate, what is the difference between Montalcino and Montepulciano?
- The temperature in Montepulciano is slightly lower than it is in Montalcino, and there is less of a maritime influence, though the commune does receive higher rainfall.
104
Does white grape are allowed for a Vino Nobile di Montepulciano?
- Yes, up to 5% (rarely used for quality producers)
105
Why, in 2006, production of Vin Santo del Chianti Classico almost doubled?
- The result of white grapes being banned from the Chianti Classico blend
106
What are the major grape varieties for a Tuscan Vin Santo?
- Trebbiano Toscano
- Malvasia Bianca Lunga
107
What is a appassitoio?
- Drying room for Vin Santo
108
In a production of Vin santo, what the term madre refers to?
- At the bottom of each caratello is the madre, or “mother,” a sludgy mass of yeast and spent wine that carries over from every bottling. Many producers pride themselves on the age of their madre, which can stretch back more than a century.
109
What is the name of the room where Vin Santo is aged?
- Vinsantaia
110
What are the four DOCs for Vin Santo in Tuscany?
- Vin Santo del Chianti Classico DOC
- Vin Santo del Chianti DOC
- Vin Santo di Montepulciano DOC
- Vin Santo di Carmignano DOC
111
What is the minimum aging in oak for a Vin Santo di Montepulciano DOC? Riserva? Occhio di Pernice?
- 3 years of wood maturation
- 5 years for Riserva
- 6 years for Occhio di Pernice
112
What is the classic pairing with a cantucci?
- Vin Santo
113
How long the grape must be dried for a Vin Santo di Montepulciano?
- Not before December 1 for standard vin santo
- January 1 for Riserva and Occhio di Pernice
114
What is the minimum % of Sangiovese for a Vin Santo Occhio di Pernice?
- 50% for;
- Vin Santo del Chianti DOC
- Vin Santo di Montepulciano DOC
- Vin Santo di Carmignano DOC
- 80% for;
- Vin Santo del Chianti Classico DOC
115
What is the first DOC in Italy?
- Vernaccia di San Gimignano was awarded Italy’s first DOC in 1966, elevated to DOCG in 1993.
116
What is the minimum Vernaccia in a Vernaccia di San Gimignano DOCG?
- 85%
117
What style of wine is produced on San Gimignano DOC?
- Rosato
- Vin Santo
- Vin Santo Occhio di Pernice
- Rosso/Rosso Riserva
- Varietal red
118
What is the main soil of Masseto vineyard?
- blue clay, which, despite its high holding capacity, releases water slowly
119
What is the requirement of Bolgheri Superiore DOC?
- 12.5% (versus 11.5%)
- Aged minimum 2 years with 1 years in oak barrels
120
What is the mount south east of Montalcino?
- Mount Amiata
121
What is the minimum % of Sangiovese for Montecucco Sangiovese DOCG?
- 90%
122
Morellino is a synonym of?
- Sangiovese
- Local name in Morellino di Scanzano DOCG (85% min)
123
What is the minimum Cabernet (franc or sauvignon) for Carmignano DOCG?
- It must account for 10 to 20% of any wine.
124
What is the DOC for wine on Carmignano that does not correspond to the minimum aging requirement?
- Barco Reale di Carmignano DOC
125
What is the major grape variety of Cortona DOC?
- Syrah, Rosso must include 50-60% of it
126
Where is located the iconic Petrolo’s Galatrona?
Val d’Arno di Sopra DOC, east of Chianti
127
What is the Gaja project in Brunello di Montalcino?
- Pieve Santa Restituta
128
Who is producing Matarocchio?
- Guado al Tasso (Antinori)
- Cabernet Franc - 600 $
129
What is the crossing of Sangiovese?
- Ciliegiolo
- Calabrese
130
What is the first wine blended with Cabernet Sauvignon produced in Chianti Classico area?
- Tignanello
131
Explain why they established the Consorzio Vino Chianti Classico in 1924
- Tuscan producers outside the Chianti region began to label wines as vino tipo di Chianti, and copycat wines were produced as far away as California, where the Italian Swiss Colony sold Tipo Chianti in fiasco.
- In 1924, an Italian law legalized the labeling of a wine type rather than a specific region, a blow to Chianti producers determined to protect their exclusive right to market their region of origin.
132
What river is associated with the region of Brunello di Montalcino?
- Ombrone
133
Name 5 gwographic unit that can be labelled of an Chianti Classico Gran Selezione bottle.
- Castellina
- Castelnuovo Berardenga
- Gaiole
- Greve
- Lamole
- Montefioralle
- Panzano
- Radda
- San Casciano
- San Donatoin Poggio
- Vagliagli
134
Name 5 gwographic unit that can be labelled of an Chianti Classico Gran Selezione bottle.
- Castellina
- Castelnuovo Berardenga
- Gaiole
- Greve
- Lamole
- Montefioralle
- Panzano
- Radda
- San Casciano
- San Donatoin Poggio
- Vagliagli
