turning flight Flashcards
what is centripetal force?
a centre-seeking force that acts upon an object moving in a circle at a constant speed.
the centripetal force acts inwards and is the force that pulls you into a turn.
what are the forces in a turn? (5)
(W) - weight, the force acting straight down
(L) - lift, the force acting vertically upwards
as lift is inclined it can be broken down into two parts.
(VCL) - Vertical component of lift which opposes weight
(CPF) - Centripetal force pulling the aircraft into the turn
to prevent the aircraft from descent during a turn what is done?
a pilot will apply a slight back pressure on the controls to increase the angle of attack. providing more lift.
what is adverse yaw?
the tendency of an aircraft to yaw out of the turn
if a pilot was to move the control column to the left what happens with the wings?
The right aileron will be deflected downwards, increasing the camber of the wing and producing more lift than the left which is deflected upwards.
this greater lift from the right-wing will cause it to rise and the aircraft to roll to the left.
the increased lift caused by deflection of the wings leads to what?
a greater increase in drag for the aileron that’s deflected downwards. this increased drag causes the aircraft to yaw to the right
how is adverse yaw prevented?
pilots use coordinated use of rudder and ailerons.
roll left with left rudder
roll right with right rudder
what is the relationship between over banking with climbing ?
the outer wing travels a greater forward distance but in the same amount of time, so it travels faster than the inner wing. also has a greater AoA
outer wing will therefore produce more lift and will continue to roll into the turn.
does over banking occur with level turns aswell?
yes
why does the inner wing have a lower AoA than the outer wing in a climbing turn?
as the outer wing has a larger proportion of the air flow coming from above due to the comparatively slower forward speed creating a smaller AoA
what is the relationship between under banking with descending turns?
outer wing travels faster, but the inner wing has a greater AoA. therefore, the increase in lift produced by the outer wing travelling faster in a descending turn is balanced by the increase in lift from the inner wing’s higher AoA.
meaning pilot must have to roll in to keep the desired AoB
what is load factor?
the amount of lift produced divided by the weight of the aircraft.
in an aircraft when LF is increased what will you feel?
yourself being pushed into your seat and feel heavy, called the pulling ‘g’.
how is the load factor calculated?
by dividing lift by weight and in a turn 1/cos(AoB)
AoB of 60 degrees is how much g felt but by increasing to 70 degrees LF will be what?
2g increase to 3g
