Turning Flashcards
Centripetal force
-Force that acts towards the centre of turn
What does the radius of a turn depend on?
- Speed of object
- Strength of centripetal force
Centripetal force formula
Centripetal Force= WV^2/ GR
W= Weight
V= Velocity
G=Acceleration of earths gravity
R= Radius of turn
Practical way to generate centripetal force?
Bank aircraft so they produce horizontal component
Does weight affect AOB?
No
To fly faster around the same radius more…. is required?
Bank
To fly a smaller radius at the same speed; more…. is required?
Bank
Flying faster with the same bank will result in
A larger radius
Flying at the same speed with more bank will result in
A smaller radius
In a turn what must increase to maintain height?
-IAS or AOA
In a turn; does the stall speed increase or decrease?
Increases
What is load factor?
Ratio of lift being produced to the weight of aircraft
In a 60 degree turn what is the load factor?
2
The stalling speed increase with the square root of….
Load Factor
What is a centrifugal reaction?
Wants to fling everything away from centre of turn
G loading is equal to…..
Load Factor
What is the Load factor, Square root of Load Factor and New stall speed for….
*Assume 60kt original stall speed
34 Degrees
Load Factor= 1.2
Square Root Load Factor= 1.1
New Stall speed=66kts
What is the Load factor, Square root of Load Factor and New stall speed for….
*Assume 60kt original stall speed
48 Degrees
Load Factor= 1.5
Square Root Load Factor= 1.2
New Stall speed=72kts
What is the Load factor, Square root of Load Factor and New stall speed for….
*Assume 60kt original stall speed
75 Degrees
Load Factor= 2.0
Square Root Load Factor= 1.4
New Stall speed=84kts
What is the Load factor, Square root of Load Factor and New stall speed for….
*Assume 60kt original stall speed
85 Degrees
Load Factor= 11.5
Square Root Load Factor= 3.4
New Stall speed=204kts
What two variables control Rate and Radius of turn?
- AOB
- Speed
If TAS increaSe and AOB stays constant; Radius of Turn will….
Increase
What is the rate of turn?
Time taken to complete turn
If TAS is constant and bank is increased; the Radius of turn will….
Decrease
Angle of bank required for Rate 1 turn=
True Airspeed/10+7
Will height effect turn performance?
No
Does wind affect turn performance?
No
On a windy day; as the aircraft turns from downwind to upwind the pilot can experience what illusion?
Skidding out of turn
If the rate of yaw is too slow in a turn the aircraft will begin to….. into turn
Slip
If the rate of yaw is too fast in a turn the aircraft will begin to….. out of turn
Skid
In a descending turn most aircraft have the tendency to….
Overbank
Control inputs for level turn
- Aileron in direction of turn: AOB
- Rudder: Skid ball centre
- Elevator: Increase AOA and generate extra lift
Control inputs for climbing turn to left
- Opposite Aileron: Prevent over banking
- Very little left rudder
Control inputs for a climbing turn to right
- Right aileron
- Right rudder
Control inputs during descending turn
-Aileron held neutral if nose altitude held
Minimum radius of turn depends on….
- Square of the speed
- Angle of Bank
Smallest radius=
- Smallest speed
- Largest bank up to limit load factor
- Flap
Max Rate=
Minimum time
Load Factor and Structural limitations
- Bending Loads
- Torsional Loads
- Shearing Loads
- Tensile Loads
- Compression Loads
Speeds
- Vs
- Va
- Vno
- Vne
- Vb
- Vle
- Vfe
Forces Acting in climb
Lift is less than weight
Thrust is more than drag
Effect of wind on Rate and Angle
-Affects angle but not rate
Effect of weight on Rate and Angle
-Increased weight reduces both
Effect of Density on Rate and Angle
-Reduced density reduces both
If speed is kept constant
An increase in bank causes
- Decrease in radius
- Increase in rate
If speed is kept constant
A decrease in bank causes
- Increase in radius
- Decrease in rate
If bank is kept constant
A decrease in speed causes
- Increase in rate
- Decrease in radius
If bank is kept constant
An increase in speed causes
- Decrease in rate
- Increase in radius
If frost forms on the wings and is not removed before flight what happens?
-Less margin between Vtoss and Stalling speed
What reduces Angle of climb
-Decrease in IAS
During approach sudden decrease in H/W
IAS….
ROD….
IAS Decrease
ROD Increase
