Turn Flashcards
For timed turns how do you calculate the expected time
What instrument is used for minor heading adjustments?
Degrees / 3 (standard rate turn 3 degrees per second)
The compass should be used for minor heading adjustments
What is the usual instrument turn rate for propeller planes ?
Standard rate turn which changes the planes heading by 3 degrees per second
Variations are in fractions or multiples of the standard rate turn
Half or double standard rate turn
How do you estimate the air speed for a standard rate turn ?
Airspeed / 10 +7
Actual
100 knots 15.4
300 knots 39.5
Which instruments do you use when making a instrument turn?
Approximately bank established with the attitude indicator and fine tuned with the turn coordinator
What angle should you roll into a turn at ?
It will take 1/3 to 1/2 the degrees of bank used.
20 degree bank = 7 to 10 degrees initial turn
What air speed reduction should you expect in a standard rate ?
2 to 3%
How long does a steep turn take at 120 knots?
39.5 second
Which Far allows electronic flight bags
Federal Aviation Regulation 91.21
Allows for electronic flight bags
It recommends having a backup source of data such as a cell phone
Requires all of the data on the application to be current. This means that the application ForeFlight needs to be updated monthly
What are vacuum instruments?
Vacuum Instruments
Heading, Attitude, Vacuum Gage,
Spin 25,000 up to revolutions per minute high means a dirty air filter and impair gage functionality
What does an outside mounted Venturi do for the vacuum system
Sucks air out of the vacuum system
What are the pitch instruments
Airspeed
Attitude (Primary Instrument)
Altimeter
VSI Vertical Speed Indicator
What are the Bank Instruments
Attitude Indicator
Heading Indicator (Primary Instrument)
Turn Coordinator and Ball
What are the Power instruments
Airspeed
Tachometer
Manifold Pressure if Equipped
What is Straight and Level flight ?
Maintaining constant altitude and heading
Level / Pitch corrections should be made using the attitude indicator and limited to 1/2, 1, to 1 1/2 bars
1/2 100 ft or less
More than 100ft 1 bar initially and reduced to 1/2 bar when less than 100 ft
Rate of return should not exceed double the amount of all altitude correction
Heading / Straight
Most easily seen on the attitude indicator
5 degrees or less keep wings level and use rudder to make the correction
5 degrees or more make a coordinated turn but limit bank to 1/2 the heading correction 10 degrees max of 5 degree bank
In level flight what are the primary instruments for power and pitch?
Power - Air Speed Indicator
Pitch - Altitude
Climbs
How do you enter a constant rate climb and which instruments do you use?
- Raise pitch attitude on the attitude indicator
- Increase power to climb setting
- Apply right rudder
- Adjustment of air speed should be made based on the attitude indicator in 1/2 bar adjustments
To High: increase pitch
To Low: decrease pitch - Begin level off at 10% of the rate of climb (500 fpm 50 ft)
For constant rate climbs what is your primary instrument?
Pitch: Vertical Speed Indicator
Power: Air Speed Indicator
Climb power should be maintained until with in 5 knots of desired cruise speed
Descents, by how much do you lead level offs?
Normal Descent Rate?
Fast Descent Rate?
Lead Level off by
Normal Descent Speed
10% of the descent rate
Fast Air Speed
20 - 30% of the descent rate
What are the pitot and static instruments
Pitot Static - Air Speed Indicator
Static - Altimeter and Vertical Speed Indicator
Why’s is the electrical instrument?
Turn Coordinator
Which instrument is the first to show a vacuum failure / issue
Attitude indicator will start to show the wrong attitude
You will need to use secondary instruments to determine pitch and bank
Altitude Indicator, turn Coordinator and Airspeed Indicator
What do you do it you have in instrument failure
- Notify ATC and ask for help
- Get vectors to VFR conditions
- Avoid altitude changes, delays and course changes
Heading Control
During a level turn on which headings is a compass accurate ?
On what heading does a compass lag during turns ?
On what heading does a compass lead during turns ?
Only accurate on east and west headings
The compass lags 30 degrees on north heading
The compass leads 30 degrees on south heading
On what heading can a compass be believed when changing airspeed ?
What error occurs while Accelerating ?
What error occurs while Decelerating ?
A compass is only accurate on North and South Heading
Acceleration causes the compass to indicate north of real heading
Deceleration cause the compass to indicate south of real heading
In straight and level flight what is the primary bank instrument
Heading Indicator
What is a common instrument scan error?
Omission
