Turn

Question 1

For timed turns how do you calculate the expected time

What instrument is used for minor heading adjustments?

Answer 1

Degrees / 3 (standard rate turn 3 degrees per second)

The compass should be used for minor heading adjustments

Question 2

What is the usual instrument turn rate for propeller planes ?

Answer 2

Standard rate turn which changes the planes heading by 3 degrees per second

Variations are in fractions or multiples of the standard rate turn

Half or double standard rate turn

Question 3

How do you estimate the air speed for a standard rate turn ?

Answer 3

Airspeed / 10 +7

Actual
100 knots 15.4
300 knots 39.5

Question 4

Which instruments do you use when making a instrument turn?

Answer 4

Approximately bank established with the attitude indicator and fine tuned with the turn coordinator

Question 5

What angle should you roll into a turn at ?

Answer 5

It will take 1/3 to 1/2 the degrees of bank used.

20 degree bank = 7 to 10 degrees initial turn

Question 6

What air speed reduction should you expect in a standard rate ?

Answer 6

2 to 3%

Question 7

How long does a steep turn take at 120 knots?

Answer 7

39.5 second

Question 8

Which Far allows electronic flight bags

Answer 8

Federal Aviation Regulation 91.21
Allows for electronic flight bags

It recommends having a backup source of data such as a cell phone

Requires all of the data on the application to be current. This means that the application ForeFlight needs to be updated monthly

Question 9

What are vacuum instruments?

Answer 9

Vacuum Instruments
Heading, Attitude, Vacuum Gage,

Spin 25,000 up to revolutions per minute high means a dirty air filter and impair gage functionality

Question 10

What does an outside mounted Venturi do for the vacuum system

Answer 10

Sucks air out of the vacuum system

Question 11

What are the pitch instruments

Answer 11

Airspeed
Attitude (Primary Instrument)
Altimeter
VSI Vertical Speed Indicator

Question 12

What are the Bank Instruments

Answer 12

Attitude Indicator
Heading Indicator (Primary Instrument)
Turn Coordinator and Ball

Question 13

What are the Power instruments

Answer 13

Airspeed
Tachometer
Manifold Pressure if Equipped

Question 14

What is Straight and Level flight ?

Answer 14

Maintaining constant altitude and heading

Level / Pitch corrections should be made using the attitude indicator and limited to 1/2, 1, to 1 1/2 bars

1/2 100 ft or less

More than 100ft 1 bar initially and reduced to 1/2 bar when less than 100 ft

Rate of return should not exceed double the amount of all altitude correction

Heading / Straight
Most easily seen on the attitude indicator
5 degrees or less keep wings level and use rudder to make the correction
5 degrees or more make a coordinated turn but limit bank to 1/2 the heading correction 10 degrees max of 5 degree bank

Question 15

In level flight what are the primary instruments for power and pitch?

Answer 15

Power - Air Speed Indicator

Pitch - Altitude

Question 16

Climbs

How do you enter a constant rate climb and which instruments do you use?

Answer 16

1. Raise pitch attitude on the attitude indicator
2. Increase power to climb setting
3. Apply right rudder
4. Adjustment of air speed should be made based on the attitude indicator in 1/2 bar adjustments
   To High: increase pitch
   To Low: decrease pitch
5. Begin level off at 10% of the rate of climb (500 fpm 50 ft)

Question 17

For constant rate climbs what is your primary instrument?

Answer 17

Pitch: Vertical Speed Indicator
Power: Air Speed Indicator

Climb power should be maintained until with in 5 knots of desired cruise speed

Question 18

Descents, by how much do you lead level offs?

Normal Descent Rate?

Fast Descent Rate?

Answer 18

Lead Level off by

Normal Descent Speed
10% of the descent rate

Fast Air Speed
20 - 30% of the descent rate

Question 19

What are the pitot and static instruments

Answer 19

Pitot Static - Air Speed Indicator

Static - Altimeter and Vertical Speed Indicator

Question 20

Why’s is the electrical instrument?

Answer 20

Turn Coordinator

Question 21

Which instrument is the first to show a vacuum failure / issue

Answer 21

Attitude indicator will start to show the wrong attitude

You will need to use secondary instruments to determine pitch and bank

Altitude Indicator, turn Coordinator and Airspeed Indicator

Question 22

What do you do it you have in instrument failure

Answer 22

1. Notify ATC and ask for help
2. Get vectors to VFR conditions
3. Avoid altitude changes, delays and course changes

Heading Control

Question 23

During a level turn on which headings is a compass accurate ?

On what heading does a compass lag during turns ?

On what heading does a compass lead during turns ?

Answer 23

Only accurate on east and west headings

The compass lags 30 degrees on north heading

The compass leads 30 degrees on south heading

Question 24

On what heading can a compass be believed when changing airspeed ?

What error occurs while Accelerating ?

What error occurs while Decelerating ?

Answer 24

A compass is only accurate on North and South Heading

Acceleration causes the compass to indicate north of real heading

Deceleration cause the compass to indicate south of real heading

Question 25

In straight and level flight what is the primary bank instrument

Answer 25

Heading Indicator

Question 26

What is a common instrument scan error?

Answer 26

Omission