Tumour Pathology Terms

Question 1

Atrophy

Answer 1

Meaning without nourishment. Physiological and pathological decrease in size or number of cells

Question 2

Ectoderm (3)

Answer 2

Skin, Neurons, Melanocytes

Question 3

Mesoderm (5)

Answer 3

Muscle, Blood, Bone, Epithelium, Cartilage

Question 4

Endoderm (3)

Answer 4

Lining of airways and gut, glands

Question 5

Carcinoma

Answer 5

Malignant epithelium cancer

Question 6

Sarcoma

Answer 6

Malignant connective tissue cancer

Question 7

Hyperplasia

Answer 7

Increase in size of organisms due to increase in no. of cells

Question 8

Hypertrophy

Answer 8

Increase in size of organisms due to increase in size of cells e.g. muscle

Question 9

Metaplasia

Answer 9

Change in form. Shape change e.g. when smoking cells go from columnar to squamous

Question 10

Tumour and types

Answer 10

Swelling. Can be benign, malignant or inflammatory

Question 11

Neoplasia

Answer 11

” New formation “. Abnormal cell growth that’s uncoordinated and persists even after stimulus is released

Question 12

Benign neoplasia

Answer 12

Doesn’t invade or metastasise epithelium. Still abnormal

Question 13

Cancer

Answer 13

Non-specific referring to malignant neoplasm

Question 14

“oma” suffix meaning

Answer 14

Meaning tumour

Question 15

Apoptosis

Answer 15

Programmed cell death

Question 16

Necrosis

Answer 16

Un-programmed uncontrolled premature cell death

Question 17

Oncogenes

Answer 17

Mutated gene that drives replication of cell

Question 18

Proto-oncogene

Answer 18

Before a cell has become mutated

Question 19

Tumour supressor

Answer 19

Anti-oncogene. Regulates cell during division

Question 20

Physical properties of cancer

Answer 20

Pleomorphic, Hyperchromatic, Highly mitotic, Coarse chromatin

Question 21

Define pleomorphic

Answer 21

Of different shapes and sizes

Question 22

Metastasis

Answer 22

Spread of cancer from one part of the body to another

Question 23

Where do tumours metastasise to and why?

Answer 23

Places with high blood supply. Liver, lung, brain, bone. adrenal gland

They need nutrients to assist their growth and survival

Question 24

Carcinogenisis

Answer 24

Process of normal cells transforming into cancer cells

Question 25

Angiogenesis

Answer 25

Producing an alternative blood pathway for tumours

Question 26

Adenocarcinoma

Answer 26

Carcinoma formed from glands

Question 27

Dysplasia

Answer 27

It’s a pre-cancer. Always benign, and can be a tumour. Can be reversed

Question 28

Where can a sarcoma be?

Answer 28

Any bone or connective tissue, including blood vessels, muscles, fats, tendons, etc