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Year 2 EMS MoD > Tumour Classification and Nomenclature > Flashcards

Tumour Classification and Nomenclature Flashcards

1
Q

What does histiogenic mean?

A

Formed by the tissue.

-i.e. the type of tissue tumours originate from

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2
Q

What are common histiogenic tumours?

A
  • Epithelium
  • Mesenchymal
  • Melanocytes
  • Blood
  • CNS tumours
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3
Q

What are less common histiogenic tumours? (2)

A
  • Germ cell tumour

- Embryonal tumour

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4
Q

What are the main types of surface epithelium? (2)

A
  • Squamous

- Transitional

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5
Q

What are the main types of glandular epithelium? (3)

A
  • Cuboidal
  • Columnar
  • Glandular
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6
Q

What is the main function of surface epithelium?

A

Protection.

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7
Q

What is the main function of glandular epithelium?

A

Secretion.

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8
Q

What is a papilloma?

A

A benign tumour of surface (non-glandular) epithelium.

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9
Q

What is an adenoma?

A

A benign tumour of glandular (secretory) epithelium.

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10
Q

What are the benign tumour exceptions? (4)

A
  • Melanoma
  • Lymphoma
  • Seminoma
  • Mesothelioma
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11
Q

How are benign tumours further identified?

A

SURFACE EPITHELIUM:

  • by cell type of origin
  • e.g. squamous cell

GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM:

  • by glandular tissue of origin
  • e.g. colonic
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12
Q

What would a benign tumour of squamous epithelium (e.g. skin) be called?

A

Squamous cell papilloma.

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13
Q

What a benign tumour of ductal epithelium of the pancreas be called?

A

Pancreatic cystadenoma.

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14
Q

RECAP: how are benign tumours from non-glandular surface epithelium named?

A

(Cell type)…papilloma.

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15
Q

RECAP: how are benign tumours from glandular / ductal surface epithelium named?

A

(Epithelium source)…adenoma.

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16
Q

What are malignant epithelial tumour called?

A

Carcinomas.

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17
Q

How are malignant epithelial tumours derived from surface epithelia named?

A

By prefixing ‘carcinoma’ with the cell of origin.

-e.g. squamous cell carcinoma

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18
Q

What are malignant epithelial tumours derived from glandular/ductal epithelia called?

A

ADENO-carcinomas.

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19
Q

RECAP: how are malignant tumours from non-glandular surface epithelium named?

A

(Cell type)…carcinoma.

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20
Q

RECAP: how are malignant tumours from glandular / ductal epithelium named?

A

(Epithelium source)…adenocarcinoma.

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21
Q

What suffix do all benign mesenchymal tumours have?

A

-oma.

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22
Q

What precede the suffix ‘-oma’ for benign mesenchymal tumours?

A

Tissue / cell of origin.

-e.g. benign tumour of adipose tissue = LIPOMA

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23
Q

Benign/maligant mesenchymal tumours: what is the prefix for smooth muscle?

A

Leiomyo-

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24
Q

Benign/maligant mesenchymal tumours: what is prefix for skeletal muscle?

A

Rhabdomyo-

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25
Q

Benign/maligant mesenchymal tumours: what is the prefix for adipose tissue?

A

Lipo-

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26
Q

Benign/maligant mesenchymal tumours: what is the prefix for blood vessels?

A

Angio-

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27
Q

Benign/maligant mesenchymal tumours: what is the prefix for bone?

A

Osteo-

28
Q

Benign/maligant mesenchymal tumours: what is the prefix for cartilage?

A

Chondro-

29
Q

Benign/maligant mesenchymal tumours: what is the prefix for fibrous tissue?

A

Fibro-

30
Q

What are malignant mesenchymal tumour called?

A

Sarcomas.

31
Q

What suffix do all malignant mesenchymal tumours have?

A

-sarcoma.

32
Q

What precede the suffix ‘-oma’ for malignant mesenchymal tumours?

A

Tissue / cell of origin.

-e.g. malignant tumour of adipose tissue = LIPO-sarcoma

33
Q

What is a papilloma?

A

Benign surface (non-glandular) epithelium tumour.

34
Q

What is an adenoma?

A

Benign glandular epithelium tumour.

35
Q

What is a carcinoma?

A

Malignant surface (non-glandular) epithelium tumour.

36
Q

What is an adenocarcinoma?

A

Malignant glandular epithelium tumour.

37
Q

What type of tumour has the suffix -oma?

A

Benign mesechymal tumour.

38
Q

What type of tumour has the suffix -sarcoma?

A

Malignant mesenchymal tumour.

39
Q

What are melanocytes?

A

Melanin-producing cells in bottom layer of skin’s epidermis.

40
Q

What is melanocytic nevus?

A

A benign tumour of melanocytes.

41
Q

What is melanoma?

A

A malignant tumour of melanocytes.

-associated with skin cancer

42
Q

Name 3 types of malignant tumours of blood cells.

A
  • Leukaemia
  • Lymphoma
  • Myeloma
43
Q

What are the main CNS tumours? (5)

A
  • Meningioma
  • Astrocytoma
  • Oligoendroglioma
  • Ependymoma
  • Medulloblastoma
44
Q

What is meningioma?

A

A tumour arising from meningeal tissue of the brain.

-usually benign

45
Q

What are astrocytomas?

A

Tumour originating in astrocytes (glial cells).

-does not normally spread outside CNS

46
Q

What is an aggressive form of astrocytoma?

A

Glioblastoma multiforme.

-grade IV

47
Q

What is oligoendroglioma

A

Tumour derived from oligodendrocytes.

48
Q

What is ependymoma?

A

Tumour arising from ependyma tissue.

49
Q

What is medulloblastoma?

A

Tumour of the primitive medullary tube.

-commonest 1* brain tumour in childhood

50
Q

How are CNS tumours graded?

A

WHO grading (I-IV).

51
Q

What are germ cells?

A

Cells that gives rise to the gametes of an organism that reproduces sexually.

52
Q

Where do germ cell tumours commonly arise?

A

Gonads.

53
Q

What are the main types of germ cell tumours? (2)

A

SEMINOMATOUS
-e.g. seminoma
NON-SEMINOMATOUS
-e.g. teratoma

54
Q

What is a teratoma?

A

A tumour composed of tissues not normally present at the site.
-typically in gonads, e.g. teeth/hair/muscle

55
Q

When do embryonal tumours develop?

A
56
Q

What do embryonal tumours bear histological resemblance to?

A

Embryonic cells of that organ.

57
Q

What is an embryonal tumour in the eye called?

A

Retinoblastoma.

58
Q

What is an embryonal tumour in the kidney called?

A

Nephroblastoma.

59
Q

What is an embryonal tumour in the adrenal medulla / nerve ganglia called?

A

Neuroblastoma.

60
Q

What is an embryonal tumour in the liver called?

A

Hepatoblastoma.

61
Q

Where is a pleomorphic salivary adenoma, and is it benign or malignant?

A

Salivary glands.

-benign

62
Q

Is a carcinosarcoma of the ovaries benign or malignant?

A

Malignant.

63
Q

Where is a mesothelioma?

A

Mesothelium.

-squamous cell membrane lining many body cavities

64
Q

What are the main MALIGNANT tumours with BENIGN names? (4)

A
  • Melanoma
  • Mesothelioma
  • Myeloma
  • Lymphoma
65
Q

What is a hamartoma?

A

Non-neoplastic / benign overgrowth of normal tissue.

  • exhibits uncontrolled growth
  • often mistaken for malignancy
66
Q

What is a choristoma?

A

Nodules of organ parenchyma in another organ.

  • AKA heterotropic rests
  • e.g. pancreas nodule in stomach

Year 2 EMS MoD (20 decks)

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