Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Skel Radd B > Tumors 2 > Flashcards

Tumors 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Osteoma: Develops on __ bones. Mass of __ bone projecting out from __. Pain or painless?

A

intramembranous
cortical
cortex
Painless/ Asymptomatic unless blocking sinus ostia or compressing pain sensitive structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Osteoma: MC locations

A
  • paranasal sinus, esp ethmoid and frontal
  • Calvarium
  • Sometimes mandible
    • such as in gardne syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Osteoma: NOT common in __

A

maxillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Osteoma size

A

Typically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Gardner Syndrome: Definition. Extracolonic tumors may be found in which locations?

A

Autosomal Dominant form of polypsis characterized by presence of multiple polyps in the colon together with tumors outside the colon.
-Extracolonic tumors may include osteomas of the skull, thyroid cancer, epidermoid cysts, fibromas, as well as desmoid tumors in 15% of cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Osteoid Osteoma: Histologically, a collection of highly __ osteoid tissue and __ cells surrounded by reactive __ of host bone

A

vascularized
giant
sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Osteoid Osteoma: MC sites

A

50% in tibia and femur
10% in spine (1 of 3 benign post. arch tumors)
long bones –> metaphyseal or diaphyseal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Osteoid Osteoma: ~__% of all bening primary bone tumors. Age: 90% Dx before __ y/o. Male to female ratio: ___

A

11%
25
2:1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Osteoid Osteoma: Clinical Manifestations

A

Classic: Pain worse at night, relieved by aspirin
Long Hx of pain before Dx
LEsions may self-resolve over months/ years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Osteoid Osteoma: Treatment. What may cause recurrence?

A

Tx with en bloc resection

Common recurrence if nidus not removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Osteoid Osteoma: Lesion size

A

Radioluscent nidus is the lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Osteoblastoma: Histological twin to __ __. Clinical Manifestations?

A

Osteoid osteoma

  • Long Hx of pain
  • Larger, more expansile lesion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Osteoblastoma: Sites

A

30-50% in post arch of spine
30% in long bones
-femur and tibia MC
-Diaphyseal/ metaphysial location

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Osteoblastoma: Tx

A

Surgical Resection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Osteoblastoma: X ray characteristics

A

Expansile, geographic

  • may be big: 2-12 cm., may have stippled calcification
  • Often sclerotic border and sharp transition zone
  • usually lacks reactive dense reactive sclerosis of oesteoid osteoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Osteosarcoma: __ most common primary malignancy of bone. __ of all primary malignancies of bone.

A

2nd

20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Osteosarcoma: __-shaped __ cells, osteoid and intercellular __ material.

A

Spindle
stromal
collagenous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Osteosarcoma: __% of cases between __-__ years old. Male to female ratio?

A

75%
10-25
2:1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Osteosarcoma: Characteristics? Lab confirmations?

A
  • Local pain, often with enlarging mass, swelling and redness
  • elevated serum alkaline phosphatase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Osteosarcoma: Subtypes

A

Parosteal
Periosteal
Multicentric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Osteosarcoma: MC sites

A

Knee and proximal humerus- reported almost everywhere

-metaphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Osteosarcoma: Rarely found where?

A

Spine (5-7%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Osteosarcoma: X-ray patterns: __% are sclerotic. __% are lytic. __% are mixed pattern. X-ray characteristics?

A 
50
25
25
-Soft tissue mass with calcification and/or ossification
-classically sunburst or spiculated
-permeative or motheaten lysis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Osteosarcoma: Tx

A

Amputation and chemotherapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Osteosarcoma: Secondary osteosarcoma may develop from malignant degeneration of __, __, or following __ therapy of __ lesion

A

Paget’s
HME
radiation
benign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Parosteal Osteosarcoma: AKA ___ ___. Typical age group?

A

Juxtacortical Sarcoma

2nd-4th decade

27
Q

Parosteal Osteosarcoma: MC sites?

A

Almost exclusively long bones

-92% in femur, tibia, and humerus; most remaining in fibular, radius, and ulna

28
Q

Parosteal Osteosarcoma: Charasteristics

A
  • Tumor grows along/around bone
  • String Sign: radiolucency between tumor and adjacent cortex
  • Daughter masses
29
Q

Periosteal Osteogenic Sarcoma has a __-__, __ matrix. Tumor does not outgrow __

A

non-homogenous
spiculated
base

30
Q

Parosteal Osteosarcoma: __-like ossification posterior to distal __ is characteristic

A

cloud

femur

31
Q

Enchondroma: ~__% of all benign bone tumors. MC sites?

A 
10
50% occur in small bones of hands
Femur (14%)
Humerus (13%)
Ribs (13%)
32
Q

Enchondroma: Most common benign bone tumor of __. NOT common in __ __ or __

A

Hands
distal phalanges
Carpals

33
Q

Enchondroma: Pain? The closer to the __ skeleton, the more likely the lesion may be or become __.

A

Little to no pain unless pathological fx
axial
malignant

34
Q

Enchondromatosis: AKA? Associated with presence of multiple ___ (usually affecting ONE side of the body) and is considered a __, rather than __ process.

A

Ollier’s Disease
endochondromata
dysplasia
Neoplastic

35
Q

Enchondroma: X ray characteristics

A 
Geographic, radiolucent expansile lesion
Sharp zone of transition
Matrix may calcify
-rings and broken rings
-Flocculent
36
Q

Enchondromatosis: Types?

A 
Acral Form (H/F only) -Ray form
Unilateral Form (ollier's) -Generalized
Oligotrophic -few lesions, primarily near joints
37
Q

Maffucci’s Syndrome Definition:

A

Enchondromatosis and the presence of soft tissue hemangiomas

38
Q

Osteochondroma: Osseous projection from the cortex with a cartilagenous __. Thought to arise from isolated __ cells. MC __ bone tumor.

A

cap
physeal
benign- 50% of all reported benign bone tumors

39
Q

Osteochondroma: MC sites?

A 
-predilicts long bones
50% in lower extremity, esp femur and tibia
18% in humerus
Unusual, but reported in spine
-matephyseal
40
Q

Osteochondroma: MC age? Stops growing when adjacent __ closes. Becomes malignant __% of the time. Typically asymptomatic unless…

A 
physis
1
fx or other trauma
pressure on adjacent nerve/vessel
Adventitious bursa develops due to friction on overlying muscle/ tendon
41
Q

Osteochondroma: 2 types

A

Pedunculated- (with stalk): point away from adjacent joint

Sessile: broad-based

42
Q

Hereditary Multiple Exostosis: AKAs? Hereditary __ dominant trait characterized by multiple ___ scattered throughout the skeleton. Unlike the solitary variety, the osteochondromata seen in this condition are predisposed to __ degeneration

A

Diaphysel Aclasis or Osteochondromatosis
autosomal
osteochondromata
malignant

43
Q

Chondroblastoma: AKA? Considered rare. Ages?

A

-Codman’s Tumor

10-25 peak, wide range reported

44
Q

Chondroblastoma: Clinical manifestations

A

Joint pain and swelling

Typically painful, but may be quiscent for extended periods

45
Q

Chondroblastoma: MC sites?

A 
Long bones
-femur (33%) (distal)
tibia (18%) (proximal)
Humerus (20%) (proximal)
-Subarticular
-geographic, well-defined
-often sclerotic border
46
Q

Chondroblastoma X-ray

A
  • minimal expansion

- calcification of matrix in 50%

47
Q

Chondroblastoma Tx?

A

Curettage presents with insidious onset hip pain

48
Q

Chondrosarcoma: Malignant lesion of ___ origin. Approximately __% of all primary malignant bone tumors. Next most common to __.

A

chondroblastic
10
osteosarcoma

49
Q

Chondrosarcoma Age range

A

50% >40 y/o

remaining 50% in 20-40 range

50
Q

Chondrosarcoma MC sites

A

Inominate (22%)
Proximal Femur (22%)
Ribs (14%)

51
Q

Chondrosarcoma clinical signs

A 
Palpable hard mass may be present
slow growing- often develops over years
low grade, local pain
metastasizes late
Males>Females 2:1
52
Q

Chondrosarcoma Tx

A

Local excision or amputation

53
Q

Chondrosarcma MC sites

A 
Prox Femur and pelvis- 50%
Shoulder 13%
Ribs 15%
Long Tubular Bones 45%
-soft tissue mass common
popcorn or rings of broken rings
Expansile geographic lesion
54
Q

Giant Cell tumor AKA ___. What do the gradings means?

A

Osteoclastoma
Grade 1- Benign Lesions
Grade 2- Intermediate
3- Frankly Malignant

55
Q

Giant cell tumor: __% are benign. __% of all primary bone tumors. __-__% of all primary malignant bone tumors

A

80
15
5-8

56
Q

Giant cell tumor clinical

A

Typically painful with local swelling
males = females
Tx: Curette and pack
-will recur commonly if not copletely removed
subarticular location complicates surgical resection

57
Q

Giant Cell tumor MC sites

A

Femur (distal) > radius (distal) > Humerus (proximal)
8% sacral
-geographic and expansile
-matrix purely lytic (60%) or soapbubble (40%)

58
Q

Giant cell tumor age

A

MC in 20-40 year range (75%)

59
Q

Hemangioma: Hamartomatous proliferation of thin-walled __ or engorged vascular __ (cavernous type) enveloped in __ stroma

A

capillaries
sinuses
fibrous

60
Q

Hemangioma MC sites

A

Rare anywhere except spine and calvarium

61
Q

Hemangioma MC ages

A

Adult: increased incidence as age advances

62
Q

Hemangioma Clinical

A

ususally asymptomatic

63
Q

Classic appearance of hemangioma

A

Corduroy Stripe appearance

  • almost always involves the body; may extend to pedicles, TVPs, etc.
  • does not commonly expand bone
  • pathological fx not common
64
Q

Hemangioma of skull appearance

A

“Wagon Wheel” appearance- coarsened traneculae pattern throughout matrix
-typically rounded-ovoid geographic lesion with sharp zone of transition

Skel Radd B (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions