tumor markers & IHC stain markers Flashcards
tumor markers should not be used as the primary tool for cancer diagnosis they may be used to confirm diagnosis, to monitor for tumor recurrence, and to monitor response to therapy
PSA
prostatic epithelium (prostate-specific antigen)
used to follow prostate carcinoma
can also be elevated in BPH and prostatitis
prostatic acid phosphatase
prostate carcinoma
CEA
carcinoembryonic antigen
very nonspecific but produced by ~70% of colorectal and pancreatic cancers; also produced by gastric, breast, and medullary thyroid carcinomas
a-fetoprotein
normally made by fetus
hepatocellular carcinomas
nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (ie: testis, ovary)
B-hCG
hydatidiform moles, choriocarcinomas
gestational trophoblastic disease
CA-125
ovarian CA
S-100
melanoma, neural tumors, schwannomas
pathoma + langerhans cell histiocytosis
alkaline phosphatase
metastases to bone, liver, paget’s disease of bone
bombesin
neuroblastoma, lung CA, gastric CA
TRAP
tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)
hairy cell leukemia (B-cell neoplasm)
“TRAP the hairy animal”
CA-19-9
pancreatic adenocarcinoma
calcitonin
medullary thyroid carcinoma
keratin
epithelium
IHC stain
vimentin
mesenchyme
IHC stain
desmin
muscle
IHC stain
GFAP
neuroglia
IHC stain
neurofilament
neurons
IHC stain
ER
breast epithelium
IHC stain
thyroglobulin
thyroid follicular cells
IHC stain
chromogranin
neuroendocrine cells (IHC stain)
(ie small cell carcinoma of lung and carcinoid tumors)
MPO
AML
(myeloid blasts)
Adults
TdT
ALL
(lymphoblasts)
Children
CD34+
Hematopoietic stem cell
Markers of B-ALL
TdT+
CD10, CD19, CD20
