Tumor markers

Question 1

Alkaline phosphatase

Answer 1

Metastases to bone or liver, Paget disease of

bone, seminoma (placental ALP).

Question 2

alpha-fetoprotein

Answer 2

Hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoblastoma, yolk
sac (endodermal sinus) tumor, mixed germ
cell tumor.
(normally made my fetus)

Question 3

What are high levels of AFP associated with in pregnancy?

Answer 3

Neural tube and abdominal wall defects

Question 4

What are low levels of AFP associated with in pregnancy?

Answer 4

Down syndrome

Question 5

CA15-3/CA27-29

Answer 5

Breast cancer

Question 6

CA-19-9

Answer 6

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Question 7

CA 125

Answer 7

Ovarian cancer

Question 8

Calcitonin

Answer 8

Medullary thyroid carcinoma

Question 9

CEA

Answer 9

CarcinoEmbryonic Antigen. Very nonspecific but produced by ∼ 70% of colorectal and
pancreatic cancers; also produced by gastric,
breast, and medullary thyroid carcinomas.

Question 10

Chromogranin

Answer 10

Neuroendocrine tumors/carcinoid

Question 11

PSA

Answer 11

prostate specific antigen, prostate cancer. Also elevated in BPH/prostatitis.

Question 12

bHG

Answer 12

choriocarcinoma

Question 13

LDH, hCG

Answer 13

dysgerminoma